Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Pathophysiology |
The study of how disease processes affective function of the body. |
|
|
|
Metabolism |
Cellular function of converting nutrients into energy |
|
|
|
Electrolyte |
A substance that, when dissolved in water, separates into charged particles |
|
|
|
Aerobic metabolism |
Cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste products. |
|
|
|
Cell nucleus |
Contains the DNA, the genetic blueprint for reproduction. |
|
|
|
Cell membrane |
Structures within a cell are covered by cell membrane that protects and selectively allows water and other substances into and out of the cell. |
|
|
|
Common cell structures |
Nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria. |
|
|
|
Endoplasmic reticulum |
Plays key role in synthesizing proteins. |
|
|
|
Mitochondria |
Responsible for converting glucose and other nutrients into energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
|
|
|
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) |
Essentially the cells internally created fuel and is responsible for powering all the other cellular functions. |
|
|
|
Anaerobic metabolism |
Cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen. Energy is produced in an inefficient manner with many waste products. |
|
|
|
Permeability |
Ability to effectively transfer fluids, electrolytes and other substances in and out. |
|
|
|
FiO² |
Fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe. 79% nitrogen, 21% oxygen. |
|
|
|
Cardiopulmonary System |
Combination of cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Primary function is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells and to remove waste products from the cells. |
|
|
|
Patent |
Open and clear; free from obstruction. |
|
|
|
Tidal volume |
Volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing. |
|
|
|
Minute Volume |
Amount of air breathed during each respiration multiplied by number of breaths per minute. |
|
|
|
Dead air space |
Air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange. |
|
|
|
Alveolar ventilation |
Occurs only with the air that reaches alveoli. |
|
|
|
Ventilation |
Inhalation is active process. Exhalation is passive process. |
|
|
|
Pleural |
Slight space between lung tissue and chest wall |
|
|
|
Hypoxia |
Low oxygen |
|
|
|
Hypercapnia |
High carbon dioxide. |
|
|
|
Chemoreceptors |
Chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
|
|
|
Plasma Oncotic Pressure |
The pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion of blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream. |
|
|
|
Hydrostatic pressure |
The pressure within the blood vessels that tend to push water out of the vessels. |
|
|
|
Edema |
Swelling associated with the movement of water. |
|
|
|
Stretch Receptors |
Sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure. |
|
|
|
Parasymathetic nervous system |
Stimulates blood vessels to relax. |
|
|
|
Blood vessel dysfunctions |
Loss of Tone, Permeability,Hypertension |
|
|
|
Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) |
Pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome in order to pump blood into the system. |
|
|
|
Stroke volume |
Amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction. |
|
|
|
Preload |
How much blood is returned to the heart prior to the contraction. |
The greater the filling of the heart, the greater the stroke volume. |
|
|
Contracility |
Force of contraction. How hard the heart squeezes. |
The more forceful the muscle squeezes, the greater the stroke volume. |
|
|
Afterload |
Function of systemic vascular resistance. It is how much pressure the heart has to pump in order to force blood out into the system. |
The greater the pressure,the lower the stroke volume. |
|
|
Cardiac output |
The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute |
Heart rate x stroke volume = |
|
|
V/Q match |
Ventilation/ perfusion match. This implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
|
|
|
Hypoperfusion |
Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. |
Also called shock. |
|
|
Shock |
Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. Also called hypoperfusion. |
Life threatening condition. |
|
|
Intracellular |
70% water inside the cells |
|
|
|
Intravascular |
5% water that is in the bloodstream. |
|
|
|
Interstital |
25% water can be found between cells and blood vessels. |
|
|
|
Dehydration |
Abnormally low amount of water in the body. |
|
|
|
Disruptions of fluid balance |
Fluid loss, fluid distribution, edema. |
|
|
|
Dependant parts of the body |
Those parts most subject to gravity such as hands feet and legs. |
|
|
|
Meningitis |
Infection of the protected layers of the brain and spinal cord. |
|
|
|
Endocrine system dysfunctions |
Too many hormones, not enough hormones. |
|
|
|
Nervous system dysfunction |
Trauma, medical dysfunction |
|
|
|
Heart dysfunction |
Mechanical or electrical |
|
|
|
Respiratory dysfunction |
Disruptions of respiratory control Disruption of pressure Disruption of lung tissue |
|
|
|
Digestive dysfunction |
Gastrointestinal bleeding Vomiting and diarrhea |
|
|
|
Hypersensitivity |
An exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance. |
Allergic reaction |
