Emsc Test 1 Flash Cards

Front 1

Define a Mineral

Back 1

A substance or an entity occurring in nature as part of the earths crust

Front 2

Define an ORE

Back 2

4.1. An economic concentrations of one or more minerals from which a desired product can be contained

Front 3

Define a Fuel

Back 3

5.1. Combustive or non combustible substances that are used to release energy
5.1.1. Coal
5.1.2. Petroleum
5.1.3. uranium
5.1.4. natural gas

Front 4

Ore vs. minerals vs. products

Back 4

1. Ore (Iron Ore)
1.1. Mine
1.2. separate
1.3. concentrate
2. Mineral (Hematite)
2.1. chemical change
3. Raw product (Metallic Iron)
3.1. refinement alloying
4. Finished products (Steel)

Front 5

1. Commodity

Back 5

Fuels, metals and non metals

Front 6

2. Distribution

Back 6

2.1. In time – Grouping with respect to geologic age
2.2. In Space – Grouping by Geographic location

Front 7

3. Tectonic Setting

Back 7

Location in relation to crystal plate boundaries

Front 8

4. Chemical Classification

Back 8

Elements, Chemical groups

Front 9

Commodity Classification
1. Fuels

Back 9

1.1. Fossil – Petroleum, coal, natural gas, oil shale, tar sand
1.2. Nuclear – Ores of uranium, thorium

Front 10

Commodity Classification Non – Metallic –

Back 10

Stone, sand, gravel

Front 11

3. Metallic

Back 11

3.1. Ferrous Metals – iron, cobalt, chromium, vanadium, manganese
3.2. Base Metals – copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum
3.3. Light Metals – Aluminum, magnesium, titanium, beryllium, lithium
3.4. Precious Metals – gold, silver, platinum

Front 12

Mineral Uses
1. Gold

Back 12

1.1. Jewelry, ornaments, and gold leaf
1.2. Computers
1.3. Dentistry
1.4. Medicines
1.5. as a radiation shield on space craft
1.6. as a substitute or backing for currency

Front 13

2. Diamond

Back 13

2.1. the most important gemstone in the industry
2.2. 80 percent of the gem trade is limited to diamonds alone
2.3. the hardest substance found in nature, for times harder than the next hardest mineral

Front 14

3. Coal

Back 14

3.1. 85% of the known US fossil energy resource is coal
3.2. makes up 51.5% of the US electricity
3.3. cheapest source of power fuel, averaging less then half of the petroleum and natural gas
3.4. US electricity use increased 140 percent between 1970 and 1999 and will likely be 44% higher in 2020 than in 1999
3.5. 1.2 billion tons of coal is produced in the US annually
3.6. Largest Producers: Wyoming, Kentucky, west Virginia, Pennsylvania

Front 15

4. Stone, Sand and Gravel (Aggregates)

Back 15

4.1. residential, commercial and industrial building construction
4.2. public works projects such as roads and highways, bridges, railroads beds, dams, airports, water and sewer systems, tunnels, snow and ice control
4.3. plastic industry, medicine and metallurgy
4.4. more than 90% of asphalt pavements and 80% of concrete are aggregates
4.5. construction of 1 mile of four land interstate highway requires 85,000 tons of aggregates
4.6. the Denver international airport requires 5 million tons of aggregates and the grand coulee dam required 17 million tons;
4.7. an average six room house requires 90 tons of aggregates or construction of one average size hospital or school requires 15,000 tons
4.8. Pennsylvania is #1 in stone production in the US (over 90 million tons annually)