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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MSO
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-Multiple system Operator
-Most cable systems are owned by a big operator company that owns several. -Comcast being the largest. |
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Designated Market Areas
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-400 to 500 households are measured in each DMA
-local audience measurements |
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Late Fringe
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-after primetime
-10:30pm and on -Kimmel, Leno, and Letterman |
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General Electric
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-up until about a year ago controlled NBC
-now Comcast does. -In an article from twitter he said that Comcast was buying out the remaining 49% that GE held. |
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Carnegie Commission VS. CPB Johnson 1967: Carnegie Commission
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-President Johnson appoints the Carnegie commission on educational television to study “educational broadcasting” in the US.
-Recommendations: replace the term educational with public, provide federal government funding. |
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CPB Johnson 1976
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-Corporation for Public Broadcasting formed to distribute grants to individuals and organiations for producing programs to CPB-qualified stations for operations and maintence.
-Private corporation created ad funded by the federal government. Does not produce or distribute programs. |
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Super Stations
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-Created by Ted Turner
-Local stations that are distributed nationally |
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O.W.N
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Discovery Health was repurposed in the OWN when ratings were suffering
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Ted Turner
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-bought a UHF station (later renames to WTBS) in Atlanta and put the signal on satellite and created the first Super Stations.
-In 1980 he launched CNN which is now a division of Time Warner. |
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Vertical Integration
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-What you find with many big conglomerates.
-Where they make the product, distribute product, and own the product. -They can sell it and re-sell it again. -Comcast, NBC, Universal Studios |
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22 Episodes
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-typical broadcast network season
-Cable does 13 |
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CSI
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Jerry Bruckheimer
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Clear Channel, San Antonio
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-Largest radio owner.
-Based in San Antonio -Might be referred to as CC Holdings in some articles. **Lowry Mayes founded it, family is still involved (<- probably useless information)** |
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Jeopardy Syndicator
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-King World
-Owned by CBS |
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KLRU
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- PBS STATION
- Austin - ACL - Willie Nelson |
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Howard Stern
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- Highest paid individual
- works for Sirius Xm - Gets paid $100 million/yr |
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Off Network Syndication
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shows that air initially on the networks
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Syndication # episodes
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-66 episodes, 3 seasons worth
-Needs to make 5 yrs. to be marketable in syndication -Which is a promise to get to 100 because you don’t want to get repeated -It needs to be able to be played everyday |
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Franchise Agreements
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-Applies for cable operators, for the system to be operational to go into business they have to figure out a way to get the shows and channels to you.
-To get the cable to you that have to dig up “right always” or put up poles and the local governments control that. -Nature has changed over the past 5 years because telephone companies who already have the poles and infrastructure already have it all and do not have to go to the local government. |
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Churn Rate
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- College markets have a huge churn rate with people leaving quite frequently, unstable for cable systems
- Subscribers coming and going. |
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114 Million Households
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- Neilson ratings says that nationally 114 million households have television.
- They use this number in calculating their national ratings. Apart of the calculation. |
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DVRS vs. Appt. Viewing:
APPT. VIEWING |
if you wanted to watch a show you better be in front of the TV when it comes on
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DVRS vs. Appt. Viewing: DVRS
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VCR, DVR, ON Demand, Online:
so now we have plenty of ways to access a show whenever we want to see it |
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Largest Cable System Operator
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Comcast is the largest with 22.9 million subscribers
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February & July viewership
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Feb. - Highest viewing rates
July- Lowest viewing rates |
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ESPN
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- among the cable channels available this one collects the most in subscription fees.
- Has high attention programming, and loyal followers. - Owned by Disney. |
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Ken Burns
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- PBS
- Makes award winning documentary’s for public television - Civil war being the most prominent but he continues year after year |
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Early Fringe
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- Right before primetime 4:00-6:00
- It is important for local broadcasters because they want to put something relatives popular there to promote their newscast - Was Oprah for awhile, now Ellen |
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I love Lucy
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- 1953
- Three camera technique - First successful syndicated product shot on film. - Had the highest rated episode of all time, got over 70% of all households. - Lucille Ball and Desi Arnez (he was executive producer). - Also created Star Trek and Mission Impossible. |
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Voice Tracking
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- Technique used at radio stations now where they have their voices, air personalities, in maybe a half our/45 minutes and they do an entire show.
- They do their “bits”. - It is a way for broadcasters to now pay less to get more. Con: it isn’t live and as spontaneous as it use to be. |
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ASCAP, BMI, SESAC
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- Radio
- Composers write songs and they want to be paid for those songs. We have these groups called ASCAP, BMI, SESAC. - They collect money from radio stations and other venues such as bars, or anywhere that music is preformed. - Royalties should be paid. They collect it and disperse the money to the composers. |
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Reginald Fessenden
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- First broadcaster
- Brant Rock, Massachusetts. - December 24, 1906 - Played a phonograph record - Read from the book of Luke - Played violin. - He advertised it prior. |
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Non- Commercial Cable Networks
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- Government
- Community - Religious |
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Focus Groups
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- 10 to 12 people in a group
- They preview a show, then talk about the show, then a report is written up about the show. - A facilitator in the room leads the way for discussion. Sometimes they do 5 or 6 focus groups for one show. - Networks use it to get feedback. - This and Q’s are helpful for a network executive because it helps determine direction of a show. - They are inaccurate because they are not randomly chosen usually people who have free time in Vegas or LA. |
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Fairness Doctrine
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- 1987
- It was repealed and is no longer in effect. - Before 1987 if you covered controversial issues to the public you had to be fair and balanced with it and be sure that both sides were mention. - You could not go on for hours talking about the republican side and not the democratic side. - Since then we have had a rise of radio stations that tilt one way of the other. |
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Wheel of Fortune
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- #1 syndicated show (as far as game shows are concerned)
- It is not something that networks air - Local stations pick it up and chose where to air it in their particular market - Pat Seajack and Vanna White |
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BROAD BASED
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- Channels like TNT, FX, TBS & USA
- compared to narrowcasting |
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NARROWCASTING
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- cable programmers
- channels like MTV, Spike, Lifetime, Oxygen - compared to Broad Based |
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Hammocking
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an unpopular/new program is scheduled in between two popular programs in hopes that the viewers will watch it
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First Run Syndication
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shows that have not aired on the networks and are being shown for the first time on local stations
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A La Carte
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cable subscribers, multi channel subscribers, would pick and choose what networks they are allowing into their homes and are paying only for that, with a hope that they would pay less (probably not)
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Law and Order
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Dick Wolf
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Problems with Nielsen Ratings
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- under-representation of viewing audience
- difficulty in operating meters, fatigue, lack of cooperation, studies and investigations, programming aberrations. |
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Vladimir Zworykin
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- Pioneer of television technology
- invented the Iconoscope (1923) and the Kinescope (1929) - worked for RCA |
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HUT
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- Households Using Television
- Used in calculating ratings and shares by Neilsen |
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"What Hath God Wrought?"
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- Baltimore, Washington
- first morse code sent |
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Time Warner
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CW, HBO, TBS
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Largest Local TV Department
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local news
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Don Imus
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- Shock Jock who got fired by MSNBC and CBS radio
- had a simulcast morning show for many years. - He created a fury after he had derogatory comments about the Rudkers Woman’s Basketball team after their loss in the championship game against the University of Tennessee. - Brought him up when internal and external influences on programming were talked about. - Case of pressure groups reacting to something they had seen in the media and telling advertisers to drop his show. |
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M*A*S*H
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- #1 watched episode recorded
- 2 hour finale, will never be surpassed - 106 million viewers |
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Rush Limbaugh
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- has a lucrative contract with Premiere Radio.
- In 2000 he signed an 8 year contract worth 250 million. - Also received a 35 million signing bonus. - His program is heard by an estimated 12-20 million people a week on 600 different stations |
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Primetime Access
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- Refers to that time period between 6:00-7:00 central time.
- Prime time is considered 6:00-10:00 60% of viewing happens in this time period. - The first hour of primetime is for local stations (they charge high rates in the time and usually show news) |
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Willie Nelson
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- PBS, because he was on the very first Austin City Limits.
- Public Television relies on local stations to provide much of the programming. - Was on the inaugural broadcast. |
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Counter Programming
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offer TV programs to attract an audience from another TV station airing a major even
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Blunting
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opposite of counter programming; scheduling a program with identical as a competitor
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Repurposing
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a show will run on one medium (broadcast) then run on another (cable or internet)
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Ratings
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computed by dividing estimated number of households watching a particular program by the estimated number of households with TVs
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Shares
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computed by dividing estimated number of households watching a particular program by the estimated number of households that actually have their TVs on during the time period
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Disney
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Robert Iger
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NBC
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Owner: Bob Greenblatt
Co-Owner: Stephen Burke |
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Comcast
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Brian Voss
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CBS
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Owner: Nina Tesler
Co-Owner: Leslie Moonves |
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National Amusement
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Sumner Redstone
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FOX
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Owner: Kevin Riley
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Newscorp
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Rupert Murdoch
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ABC
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Ownder: Paul Lee
Co Owner: Ann Swinney |
