Emmo's Bio Cards 2

Front 1

Element

Back 1

Form of matter that has mass, occupies space, and can't be broken down into a different form of matter by physical or chemical means

Front 2

Atom

Back 2

The smallest unit of an element that still contains the characteristics of that element

Front 3

Proton (p+)

Back 3

+ charged particle. All atoms of the same element have the same amount of protons

Front 4

Neutron

Back 4

Uncharged particle in an atom.

Front 5

Electron (e-)

Back 5

- charged particle. Atoms have the same amount of electrons as protons. They can be shared or transfered among atoms

Front 6

Atomic Number

Back 6

The amount of protons there are in an element (there are always the same amount of protons as electrons)

Front 7

Mass Number (Atomic Mass)

Back 7

Amount of neutrons + protons

Front 8

Isotope

Back 8

One or more froms of an element's atoms that differ in their number of neutrons.

Front 9

Chemical Bonds

Back 9

A bond between the electron structures of atoms or ions

Front 10

Molecule

Back 10

Two or more atoms of the same or different atoms chemically bonded

Front 11

Compounds

Back 11

A molecule consisting of two or more elements in unvarying proportions like H20. (2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen always)

Front 12

Mixture

Back 12

Two or more elements mixed together with varying proportions

Front 13

Ion

Back 13

An atom that has gained or lost an electron(s), becoming - or + charged. When it loses one, it becomes + charged, when it gains it becomes - charged.

Front 14

Ionic Bond

Back 14

Two ions being held together by the attraction of the opposite charge (+)(-) (-)(+)

Front 15

Covalent Bond

Back 15

Strongest bond, the sharing of one or more electrons between atoms or groups of atoms.

Front 16

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Back 16

The atoms or atom groups share the electrons equally

Front 17

Polar Covalent Bond

Back 17

Polar bonds share them the electrons unequally

Front 18

Hydrogen Bond

Back 18

A weak attraction between an electronegative atom (ex. oxygen) and a hydrogen atom. Hydrogen's + charge attracts the atom w/ the - charge

Front 19

Hydrophilic substances

Back 19

Polar molecule that easily dissolves in water (ex. sugar)
hydro-water, philo-love

Front 20

Hydrophobic substances

Back 20

Nonpolar molecules that strongly resists dissolving in water (ex. oil)
hydro-water, phobia-fear

Front 21

Solvent

Back 21

Something that a solute can dissolve in. Water is the universal solvent b/c it dissolves so many things.

Front 22

Solutes

Back 22

Something that dissolves in a solvent

Front 23

Spheres of Hydration

Back 23

Substances are dissolved after water molecules cluster around ions and keep it dispersed. These clusters are called spheres of hydration.

Front 24

Hydrogen Ions

Back 24

They are the same things as free protons.

Front 25

Hydroxide Ions

Back 25

A hydroen atom that has gained and electron, therefore being - charged. (OH-)

Front 26

pH scale

Back 26

Used to measure the H+ concentration of fluids. The lower the pH is, the higher the acidity. The higher it is, the lower acidity. 7 is pure water

Front 27

Acids

Back 27

Substances that give up protons (H+) when dissolved.

Front 28

Bases

Back 28

Substances that accept protons when dissolved.

Front 29

Buffer system

Back 29

The partnership between a weak acid and the weak base that forms as the acid dissolves in water. They work as a pair to counter shifts in pH.