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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AVECCT |
academy of veterinary emergency and critical care technicians |
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treatment and stabilization of a patient with an urgent medical problem |
emergency care |
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ongoing treatment of a patient with life threatening illness and can change at any minute |
critical care |
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Respiratory embarrassment |
Dyspnea, tachypnea, asthma Thoracic wound Blockage Fluid in thorax Anaphylactic shock |
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Nervous system |
Poisons Head trauma Deficiencies Anesthetic induced |
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Endocrine |
Ketoacidosis Addisons disease |
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GIT |
colic GDV RDA |
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cardiac arrest, or serious trauma Dying |
Black |
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Critical unstable patient survival depends on immediate intervention |
Red |
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Needs simple care. Survival depends on intervention within the next few hours |
Yellow |
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Stable, minor lesions. Treatment required within 24 hours |
Green |
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Wait time- immediate Cardiac arrest |
Resuscitative |
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Wait- 10-45 min Fracture |
Emergent |
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Wait- 30min-2 hrs Abscess |
Urgent |
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ABBCC |
Airway Breathing Bleeding Circulation CNS |
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Blood pressure depends on (3) |
Blood volume Cardiac output Healthy vascular bed |
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the vascular bed maintains the ____ in the system |
vascular resistance |
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Inadequate delivery of oxygenated blood to the tissues |
Shock |
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Normal map |
90-100mmhg |
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Map- kidneys decreased perfusion |
<60mmhg |
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Map- brain decreased perfusion |
<50mmhg |
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Map- Under ___ more than two hours = death |
<30mmhg |
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4 main causes of shock |
Severe hemorrhage Severe fluid loss Septic shock Trauma without blood or fluid loss |
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animals can lose up to ___ of their blood volume before cs are seen |
10% |
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Blood volume is __ |
80ml/kg |
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bacterial toxins cause vessels to leak internally |
sepsis |
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hemorrhage and fluid loss cause ___ shock |
hypocalcemia |
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Trauma without blood or fluid loss cause __ shock |
normovolemic |
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when cells revert to anaerobic metabolism, producing much less energy for the cell |
hypoxic |
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byproduct of anaerobic metabolism |
lactic acid |
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Malfunction of 1 of these three systems will cause shock |
heart blood vessels blood |
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early shock is due to the response of the body to ___ |
adrenalin |
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Occurs as many vessels have vasoconstricted Tissues becoming hypoxic and acidotic Blood pooling in vital organs |
Mid-stage shock |
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Circularing blood volume has decreased to the vital organs BP too low to maintian perfusion to brain heart and organs acidotic and hypoxic permanent organ damage |
late stage shock |
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SIRS |
systemic inflammatory response syndrome |
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MODS |
multiple organ dysfunction syndrome |
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DIC |
disseminated intrvascular coagulation |
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Caused by immune mediated anaphylactic shock taruma infections Sepsis |
SIRS |
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presence of altered organ function in an acutely ill patient Ketoacidosis |
MODS |
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Blood clots within the small blood vessels generally involves SIRS Seen in severe sepsis and shock 75% mortality |
DIC |
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DIC test |
D-Dimer |
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the absence of D-Dimer rules out DIC with __ confidence |
95% |
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all emergency patients need to have a |
catheter and fluids |
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fluid type that passes througha semi-permeable membrane |
crystalloids |
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Ringers Normosol 0.9% saline |
Crystalloids |
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If using hypertonic saline use at ___ of shock dose for 5 min only |
50% |
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cannot pass through semi-permeable membrane |
Colloids |
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Hetastarch Dextrans |
Colloids |
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Use colloid solns at ___ in cats and ___ in dogs |
10-20 ml/kg/24hr 10-40ml/kg/24hr |
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goal of fluids is to keep PCV above |
25% |
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goal of fluids is to keep total protein above |
40mg/L |
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Use blood or blood components if loss of whole blood PCV is ____ |
<10-15% |
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multiple rib fractures paradoxical respiratory pattern develops Inspiration- chest moves inwards Expiration- chest moves outwards |
Flail chest |
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difficulty breathing lying down |
orthopnea |
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Irregular breathing pattern- prolonged inspiration and expiration |
apneustic respiration |
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cycles of shallow respirations, becoming deeper, then shallow again followed by apnea |
Cheyne-Stokes breathing |
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Deep and rapid sighing respiration associated with metabolic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis |
Kussmaul's Breathing |
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very loud breathing sounds on inspiration represent ___ |
upper airway obstruction |
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Belly wrap for abdonimal hemorrhage should be left in for __ |
24-48 hours |
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Hemorrhage alert and responsive dont need fluid therapy but should have an IV and be monitored for 24 hours |
mild hemorrhage |
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Hemorrhage blood loss less than 25-30% dont need blood products |
moderate hemorrhage |
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Hemorrhage Blood loss of 30-50% PCV 10-15% hypovolemic shock Must have blood products to survive |
Life threatening hemorrhage |
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Give ___ to increase the contraction and strength of the heart |
positive ionotrope |
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extensor rigidity in front limbs and rear limbs, patient unconcious |
decerebate rigidity |
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extensor rigidity in front limbs and flexed or extended rear limbs- patient is concious |
decerebellate rigidity |
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extensor rigidity of forelimbs with flaccid himdlimbs |
schiff-sherrington |
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if pupils are equal size but miotic |
cerebrum affected |
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unequal pupils |
Anisicoria |
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A CRASH |
Airway Cardiovascular Respiration Abdomen Spine Head |
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PLAN |
Pelvis Limbs Arteries and veins Nerves |
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Primary trauma evaluation |
ABBCC |
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Secondary trauma evaluation |
A CRASH PLAN |
