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145 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Your patient is a 59-year-old man who has collapsed while working in the yard. He has been unresponsive for 4 to 5 minutes by the time you arrive. His neighbor is attempting CPR, but the quality is questionable. Which of the following should be your first action?
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Ask the neighbor to stop CPR so you can check the patient's pulse.
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Chapt 20
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Which of the following is the general term used to refer to a problem with the heart?
Answer Cardiac dysrhythmia Myocardial infarction Cardiac compromise Congestive heart failure |
Cardiac compromise
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Chapt 20
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Which of the following is the way in which the heart muscle receives oxygen?
Answer Blood surrounds the heart in the pericardial sac. Blood from the aorta enters the coronary arteries. Blood from the left ventricle enters capillaries in the myocardium. Blood from the pulmonary vein enters capillaries in the myocardium. |
Blood from the aorta enters the coronary arteries.
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Chapt 20
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Which of the following would be the result of an obstruction in a branch of the pulmonary artery?
Answer Blood is not pumped to the brain. Blood cannot return from the lungs. Blood is not pumped to the lungs. Blood cannot return from the brain to the heart. |
Blood is not pumped to the lungs.
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Chapt 20
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Which of the following BEST describes a fluttering sensation in the chest?
Answer Palpitations Dysrhythmia Pulseless electrical activity of the heart Tachycardia |
Palpitations
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Chapt 20
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You are the first on the scene of a 72-year-old patient in cardiac arrest. You have your medical supply kit, oxygen, and an AED. At least 4 to 5 minutes of high-quality CPR has been provided by the police officer who arrived before you. You have confirmed an open airway, apnea, and pulselessness. Which of the following should you do next?
Answer Contact medical direction before taking any action. Perform bag-valve-mask ventilations with supplemental oxygen for 30 seconds before applying the defibrillator pads. Perform one-rescuer CPR until additional personnel arrive. Apply the defibrillator pads and shock as indicated. |
Apply the defibrillator pads and shock as indicated.
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Chapt 20
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Which of the following is the name of the condition in which fatty deposits form in the inner lining of the arteries?
Answer Arteriosclerosis Coronary artery disease Aneurysm Coronary thrombosis |
Coronary artery disease
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Chapt 20
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Which of the following BEST describes an appropriate shock sequence for the patient in pulseless VT?
Answer Shock, shock, shock, pulse check, 2 minutes of CPR, shock, shock, shock Shock, 2 minutes of CPR, analyze, shock again Shock, shock, shock, shock Shock, pulse check, shock, pulse check, shock, pulse check |
Shock, 2 minutes of CPR, analyze, shock again
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Chapt 20
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Which of the following is the EMT's role in caring for a patient with chest pain?
Answer Determine the cause of the patient's chest pain. Provide automatic external defibrillation. Treat the patient as though he were having a heart attack. Make an interpretation of the patient's cardiac rhythm. |
Treat the patient as though he were having a heart attack.
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Chapt 20
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Assuming your protocol allows the administration of nitroglycerin when certain conditions exist, what is the maximum number of tablets to be administered in the prehospital setting?
Answer 4 3 1 2 |
3
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Chapt 20
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Which of the following should NOT be done during defibrillation?
Answer Continued ventilation during the analysis phase to prevent hypoxia Performing CPR while the AED is being attached Pressing the defibrillation pads firmly to the chest to ensure good contact Shaving the chest before placing the defibrillation pads to improve contact |
Continued ventilation during the analysis phase to prevent hypoxia
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Chapt 20
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In which of the following ways does cardiac arrest in children differ from cardiac arrest in adults?
Answer Ventricular fibrillation is common in children. Cardiac arrest in children is more likely to be due to respiratory failure. Cardiac arrest in adults is more likely to be due to respiratory failure. Ventricular fibrillation is not common in adults. |
Cardiac arrest in children is more likely to be due to respiratory failure.
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Chapt 20
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Which of the following may be a symptom of a problem with the heart?
Answer Mild chest discomfort Severe, crushing pain in the chest Nausea, with or without vomiting All of the above |
All of the above
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Chapt 20
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Which of the following statements regarding angina pectoris is true?
Answer It generally lasts 30 to 60 minutes. It can be brought on by exertion or stress. It results in death of a smaller portion of myocardium than does a heart attack. It is generally relieved by over-the-counter medications. |
It can be brought on by exertion or stress.
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Chapt 20
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Which of the following is NOT a typical indication of congestive heart failure?
Answer Low blood pressure Wet sounding breath sounds Increased heart rate Productive cough |
Low blood pressure
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Chapt 20
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Which of the following heart chambers pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
Answer Left ventricle Right atrium Right ventricle Left atrium |
Left ventricle
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Chapt 20
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Which of the following is the basis for applying an AED only to patients who are not breathing and who do NOT have a pulse?
Answer Defibrillators recognize ventricular tachycardia, which may be accompanied by a pulse. Defibrillators recognize ventricular fibrillation, which may be accompanied by a pulse. Defibrillators will shock asystole, which may occur in patients who are conscious. None of the above |
Defibrillators recognize ventricular tachycardia, which may be accompanied by a pulse.
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Chapt 20
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Your patient is a 49-year-old male with a history of heart problems. Assuming he has a bottle of nitroglycerin tablets with him, under which of the following circumstances could you administer the nitroglycerin to the patient?
Answer The patient is complaining of dyspnea and has a blood pressure of no greater than 100 mmHg systolic. The patient complains of chest pain and has a blood pressure of 132/90 mmHg. The patient has taken at least three tablets on his own without relief. The patient's personal physician is on the scene and has advised you to administer the nitroglycerin. |
The patient complains of chest pain and has a blood pressure of 132/90 mmHg.
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Chapt 20
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When using an AED, which of the following people is responsible for calling to "clear" the patient before delivering a shock?
Answer The EMT doing chest compressions The EMT operating the defibrillator The EMT at the patient's head The EMT managing the airway |
The EMT operating the defibrillator
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Chapt 20
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Which of the following BEST describes the EMT's intended role in the ideal provision of emergency cardiac care?
Answer Early defibrillation Early CPR Early notification Early advanced cardiac life support |
Early defibrillation
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Chapt 20
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Which of the following is the name given to the condition in which fluid accumulates in the lungs?
Answer Pulmonary edema Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Dyspnea Pedal edema |
Pulmonary edema
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Chapt 20
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Which of the following statements regarding the administration of nitroglycerin tablets is true?
Answer It takes 20 to 30 minutes for nitroglycerin to have an effect. If it is fresh it will have no noticeable taste. The patient may complain of a headache following administration. An increase in blood pressure should be expected. |
The patient may complain of a headache following administration.
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Chapt 20
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Which of the following people is allowed to continue providing patient care when the patient is to be "cleared" for delivery of a shock via the defibrillator?
Answer The EMT performing bag-valve-mask ventilations The provider who is ventilating the patient, so long as the patient has been intubated by a paramedic so the provider does not directly touch the patient Anyone in contact with the patient below the level of the patient's knees None of the above |
None of the above
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Chapt 20
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Your patient is a 60-year-old male who is complaining of severe chest pain and difficulty breathing. He is pale, sweaty, and pleads with you, "Don't let me die, I think I'm going to die." Which of the following measures is NOT part of your initial treatment of this patient?
Answer Placing the patient in a position of comfort Giving 15 lpm of oxygen by nonrebreather mask Applying the defibrillator pads to his chest Determining whether you should assist the patient in taking nitroglycerin |
Applying the defibrillator pads to his chest
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Chapt 20
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Defibrillation is indicated for which of the following situations?
Answer Pulseless electrical activity Asystole Pulseless ventricular tachycardia Pulseless bradycardia |
Pulseless ventricular tachycardia
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Chapt 20
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Which of the following is the most common cause of seizures in adults?
Answer Fever Head trauma Failure to take prescribed medication Withdrawal from alcohol |
Failure to take prescribed medication
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Chap 21
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Your patient is a 19-year-old female who is 7 months pregnant. She has just experienced a seizure, although she has no previous history of seizures other than hypertension associated with the pregnancy. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the seizure?
Answer Trauma Hypoglycemia Eclampsia Any of the above |
Eclampsia
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Chap 21
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Your patient is a 59-year-old female with a sudden onset of slurred speech and weakness on her right side. Which of the following measures is appropriate?
Answer Administer oral glucose and then assess the patient's blood sugar. Immediately transport the patient to a hospital with specialized treatment for stroke patients. Keep the patient in a supine position. Test the patient's sensation with a series of pinpricks, beginning at the feet and working upward. |
Immediately transport the patient to a hospital with specialized treatment for stroke patients.
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Chap 21
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What is epilepsy?
Answer A condition caused by congenital brain abnormalities that causes seizures only twice a year. A condition in which a person has an aura followed by seizure usually controlled by medication. A condition in which a person has multiple seizures usually controlled by medication. A condition in which a person has general seizures that start in childhood. |
A condition in which a person has multiple seizures usually controlled by medication.
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Chap 21
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Which of the following is characteristic of a patient with hyperglycemia?
Answer Sudden onset of altered mental status Flushed, hot, dry skin and a "fruity" odor of the breath Cool, moist skin, agitated behavior, and increased heart rate Use of excessive amounts of insulin or lack of adequate food intake |
Flushed, hot, dry skin and a "fruity" odor of the breath
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Chap 21
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With advances in clot-busting (thrombolytic) drugs, the patient has a window of _______ hours to receive treatment.
Answer 6 3 4 5 |
3
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Chap 21
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You respond to a 32-year-old female who is having a seizure. You arrive on the scene to find the patient drowsy, confused, and complaining of a headache. This patient is demonstrating the:
Answer aura phase. postictal phase. tonic phase. clonic phase. |
postictal phase.
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Chap 21
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A patient who demonstrates any one of the three symptoms from the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale has a ______ percent chance of having an acute stroke.
Answer 50 70 60 80 |
70
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Chap 21
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Which of the following is an action of insulin?
Answer It increases the transfer of sugar from the stomach and small intestine to the bloodstream. It blocks the uptake of sugar by the body's cells. It increases the movement of sugar from the bloodstream to the cell. It increases the circulating level of glucose in the blood. |
It increases the movement of sugar from the bloodstream to the cell.
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Chap 21
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Which of the following BEST describes status epilepticus?
Answer A period of drowsiness following tonic-clonic seizures A seizure involving convulsions on only one side of the body A seizure that occurs without a known cause Two or more seizures without an intervening period of consciousness |
Two or more seizures without an intervening period of consciousness
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Chap 21
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Which of the following is a typical cause of seizures in children 6 months to 3 years of age?
Answer Asthma Fever Administration of glucose to a hyperglycemic patient Chest pain |
Fever
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Chap 21
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A seizure that occurs spontaneously from an unknown cause is called:
Answer idiopathic. hypoxic. hypoglycemic. toxinic. |
idiopathic
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Chap 21
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Which of the following blood glucose levels is considered normal for an adult?
Answer 80 mg/dL 150 mg/dL 180 mg/dL 40 mg/dL |
80 mg/dL
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Chap 21
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What are the three items that make up the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale?
Answer Ask the patient to smile, hold his arms out straight in front of him with his eyes closed, and ask him to say the alphabet backward. Ask the patient to smile, hold his arms straight out in front of him with his eyes closed, and ask him to say a sentence to see if it is clear. Ask the patient to smile. tilt his head back with his eyes closed, and ask him to say a sentence such as, " The sky is blue in Cincinnati." to see if he can say Cincinnati. Ask the patient to look up, hold his arms straight out by his side with his eyes closed, and ask him to repeat a sentence to see if he can remember it. |
Ask the patient to smile, hold his arms straight out in front of him with his eyes closed, and ask him to say a sentence to see if it is clear.
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Chap 21
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Your patient is a 44-year-old male with a history of diabetes. He is lying on the living room floor, unresponsive to all stimuli. He has a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute, heart rate of 112 beats per minute, and is pale and sweaty. Which of the following should you do to treat this patient?
Answer Place the patient in the recovery position to protect the airway and place oral glucose solution under the patient's tongue. Apply oral glucose solution to a tongue depressor and insert it between the patient's cheek and gums. Encourage the patient's family to administer his insulin. Place the patient in the recovery position, administer oxygen, and monitor his airway status. |
Place the patient in the recovery position, administer oxygen, and monitor his airway status.
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Chap 21
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Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom of stroke?
Answer Sudden impairment of vision Seizure Chest pain Vomiting |
Chest pain
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Chap 21
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Which of the following is the role of glucose in the body?
Answer It allows the body to use insulin. It is an essential building block for body tissues, such as muscle and bone. It provides energy for brain cells and other cells in the body. It assists the pancreas in the manufacture of insulin. |
It provides energy for brain cells and other cells in the body.
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Chap 21
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Which of the following conditions may be mimicked by hypoglycemia?
Answer Intoxication Respiratory distress Heart attack All of the above |
Intoxication
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Chap 21
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Which of the following is the most critical piece of equipment to have immediately available for the seizure patient who has just stopped convulsing?
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Suction
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Chap 21
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Which of the following is a standardized test to evaluate a conscious patient for possible stroke?
Answer Michigan TIA Assessment Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale The Functional Analysis Stroke Test The Numbness-Aphasia-Paralysis (NAP) Test |
Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale
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Chap 21
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Compared to hypoglycemia, which of the following is true of hyperglycemia?
Answer Its onset is more gradual. Its onset is preceded by an aura, such as hallucinations or detecting unusual odors. It is more easily treated in the prehospital environment than hypoglycemia. Its onset is more sudden. |
Its onset is more gradual.
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Chap 21
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The death of brain tissue due to deprivation of oxygen because of a blocked or ruptured artery in the brain is known as which of the following?
Answer Stroke Transient ischemic attack Seizure Aphasia |
Stroke
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Chap 21
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Which of the following is the correct position of transport for a stroke patient with left-sided paralysis, a decreased level of consciousness, and an inability to maintain his or her airway?
Answer Lying on the left side Lying on the right side Supine Semi-sitting |
Lying on the left side
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Chap 21
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For the reticular activating system to work correctly, what three substances are needed?
Answer Oxygen to perfuse brain tissue, insulin to nourish brain tissue, and water to keep the brain hydrated Oxygen to perfuse brain tissue, glucose to nourish brain tissue, and sodium to keep the brain hydrated Oxygen to perfuse brain tissue, insulin to nourish brain tissue, and sodium to keep the brain hydrated Oxygen to perfuse brain tissue, glucose to nourish brain tissue, and water to keep the brain hydrated |
Oxygen to perfuse brain tissue, glucose to nourish brain tissue, and water to keep the brain hydrated
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Chap 21
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Which of the following may result in hypoglycemia in the diabetic patient?
Answer Lack of exercise Vomiting after eating a meal Overeating Failure to take insulin or oral diabetes medications |
Vomiting after eating a meal
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Chap 21
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Which of the following would you expect to hear when auscultating the lungs of a patient having an anaphylactic reaction?
Answer Coarse-sounding rhonchi Wheezing Clear, adequate air movement Fine, wet crackles or rales |
Wheezing
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Chap 22
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Which of the following is a trade name for an epinephrine auto-injector?
Answer Autodrenalin® Epi-Pen® Anajector® AllerPen® |
Epi-Pen®
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Chap 22
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You are unsure if a patient's condition requires the administration of an epinephrine auto-injector. Which of the following actions is most appropriate?
Answer Ask a family member if this is the type of situation when the patient usually takes his auto-injector. Administer the epinephrine, just in case. Consult with a paramedic on your service for advice. None of the above |
None of the above
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Chap 22
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Which of the following is NOT a side effect of epinephrine?
Answer Bradycardia Vomiting Chest pain Pallor |
Bradycardia
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Chap 22
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Upon delivering a patient to the emergency department, you remove your gloves and find that your hands are red and itchy. Which of the following is most likely?
Answer You are having an allergic reaction to the latex in the gloves. You are showing early signs of an anaphylactic reaction. You have come into contact with poison ivy in the patient's yard. You have been exposed to an infectious disease through contact with the patient. |
You are having an allergic reaction to the latex in the gloves.
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Chap 22
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The epinephrine contained in an auto-injector is in which of the following forms?
Answer Fine powder Liquid Topical ointment Gel |
Liquid
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Chap 22
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Your patient is a 7-year-old girl who was prescribed an antibiotic for an ear infection. After 4 days on the antibiotic, the patient is experiencing hives and itching on her face, throat, and neck. Which of the following should you do?
Answer Immediately administer Epi-Pen Jr.® Advise the parents that these symptoms are related to the ear infection and the antibiotic will take care of these symptoms if taken as directed. Advise the parents to call the pediatrician for a different antibiotic. Provide supportive care and monitor the patient's condition during transport to the hospital. |
Provide supportive care and monitor the patient's condition during transport to the hospital.
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Chap 22
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Which of the following is the proper method of disposing a used epinephrine auto-injector?
Answer Place the device in a rigid biohazardous sharps container. Leave it at the scene for the patient or his family to dispose of. Bend the needle at an angle to prevent accidental punctures and place it in the trash. Take it to the hospital for disposal in the emergency department. |
Place the device in a rigid biohazardous sharps container.
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Chap 22
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At which of the following sites should the EMT administer an epinephrine auto-injector?
Answer Thigh Buttocks Abdomen Upper arm |
Thigh
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Chap 22
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You patient is suffering from severe anaphylaxis. Her respiratory rate is 42 per minute, she is cyanotic, and she has a decreased level of responsiveness. Which of the following is the highest priority of care for this patient?
Answer Search for an epinephrine auto-injector. Elevate the patient's head. Transport rapidly. Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask. |
Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
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Chap 22
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Within what period of time should the EMT expect most anaphylaxis patients to respond to the administration of subcutaneous epinephrine?
Answer Within 20 minutes Within 10 minutes Within 15 to 30 seconds Within 2 minutes |
Within 2 minutes
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Chap 22
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Your patient has a history of severe anaphylaxis and carries several auto-injectors. You have administered one of the auto-injectors, but the patient's condition continues to worsen. Which of the following is the next best course of action?
Answer Continue supportive care en route to the hospital. Divert transport to a hospital with critical care capabilities. Contact medical control. Immediately administer a second auto-injector. |
Contact medical control.
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Chap 22
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Which of the following does a physician NOT take into consideration when writing a prescription for a patient to obtain an epinephrine auto-injector?
Answer The severity of previous allergic reactions The patient's medical history How far the patient lives from medical attention The patient's known allergies |
How far the patient lives from medical attention
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Chap 22
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Which of the following needs to be considered by the EMT before administering an epinephrine auto-injector?
Answer Verification that the drug has been prescribed to the patient Color of the contents Expiration date of the drug All of the choices need to be considered |
All of the choices need to be considered
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Chap 22
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How many dose(s) of medication does the Twinject epinephrine auto-injector contain?
Answer Two One Three Four |
Two
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Chap 22
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Your assessment of a patient reveals that she is flushed, her pulse is fast and weak, her respirations are fast and she is wheezing, and she has hives on her arms and chest. She is most likely suffering from which of the following?
Answer Hyperventilation syndrome Heat stroke Anaphylaxis Allergic reaction |
Anaphylaxis
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Chap 22
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Which of the following occurs to blood vessels during an anaphylactic reaction?
Answer No change Dilation Constriction Spasm |
Dilation
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Chap 22
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Which of the following changes commonly occurs in the cardiovascular system during anaphylaxis?
Answer High blood pressure due to vasoconstriction High blood pressure due to tachycardia Low blood pressure due to vasodilation Low blood pressure due to bradycardia |
Low blood pressure due to vasodilation
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Chap 22
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Your patient has an allergy to sesame seeds, which she accidentally ingested. She is having difficulty breathing, and she has hives, watery eyes, a weak pulse of 120 per minute, and swelling of the face and tongue. Which of the following is the BEST course of immediate action?
Answer Insert an oropharyngeal airway. Contact medical control for orders to administer the patient's epinephrine auto-injector. Transport immediately. Contact dispatch to see where the closest ALS unit is. |
Contact medical control for orders to administer the patient's epinephrine auto-injector.
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Chap 22
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When documenting the administration of an epinephrine auto-injector, which of the following should be included?
Answer The patient's response to the medication The site of medication administration The time the medication was administered All of the above |
All of the above
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Chap 22
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Which of the following is MOST likely to be a complaint of a patient suffering from anaphylaxis?
Answer "I am having severe muscle pains." "I can't remember what happened." "My throat feels like it is closing." "My legs are numb and I can't move them." |
"My throat feels like it is closing."
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Chap 22
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Which of the following is included in the primary assessment of a conscious patient suffering from anaphylactic shock?
Answer Determining whether the patient's systolic blood pressure is over 100 mmHg Assessing whether the patient is able to speak without difficulty Looking for hives and swelling Finding out how the patient was exposed to the substance to which she is allergic |
Assessing whether the patient is able to speak without difficulty
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Chap 22
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Which of the following explains why a patient may experience difficulty breathing during anaphylaxis?
Answer Swelling in the brain decreases the respiratory drive. Allergens clump together and block blood flow through the lungs. Allergens bind to hemoglobin, preventing it from carrying oxygen. Swelling of the airway tissues causes difficulty breathing. |
Swelling of the airway tissues causes difficulty breathing.
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Chap 22
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Which of the following does NOT commonly lead to anaphylaxis?
Answer Wasp stings Cat dander Sulfa drugs Peanuts |
Cat dander
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Chap 22
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Which of the following is the adult dosage of subcutaneous epinephrine in anaphylaxis?
Answer 0.3 mg 30 mg 3 mg 0.03 mg |
0.3 mg
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Chap 22
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When a chemical substance is taken for reasons other than therapeutic use, this action is called:
Answer tolerance. substance abuse. psychological dependence. addiction. |
substance abuse
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Chap 23
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Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs by which of the following routes?
Answer Aspiration Absorption Inhalation Radiation |
Inhalation
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Chap 23
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Which of the following is the best initial intervention for a patient who has inhaled a poison?
Answer Transport in a position of comfort and provide oxygen for patients with a decreased level of consciousness. Provide plenty of fresh air and monitor pulse oximetry readings. Perform abdominal thrusts to clear the airway, followed by high-concentration oxygen. Provide a patent airway, ventilation, and high-concentration oxygen. |
Provide a patent airway, ventilation, and high-concentration oxygen.
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Chap 23
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Your patient is a 23-year-old male who is unresponsive in the restroom of a bar. His respirations are slow and shallow, he has a heart rate of 50 beats per minute, he is sweating profusely, and he has constricted pupils. Which of the following substances is most likely responsible for the patient's condition?
Answer LSD Ecstasy PCP Heroin |
Heroin
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Chap 23
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Volatile chemicals are agents that are able to change easily from a ________ form to a ________ form.
Answer liquid; gas gas; liquid solid; liquid solid; vapor |
liquid; gas
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Chap 23
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Which of the following is NOT part of the treatment for a 15-year-old female who has swallowed drain cleaner?
Answer Administer milk or water. Administer activated charcoal. Call medical control. Maintain the airway. |
Administer activated charcoal.
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Chap 23
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Neighbors report that a patient wandered into their yard and that he said he had a "funny numb feeling" in his head and his chest hurt before stumbling into the pool. As you are performing CPR, you notice that the mucous membranes in his mouth and nose are swollen. Which of the following would account for the patient's behavior and current condition?
Answer Volatile chemicals GHB Carbon monoxide poisoning Methamphetamine |
Volatile chemicals
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Chap 23
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Most cases of accidental poisoning involve which of the following?
Answer Adults Adolescents Young children Infants |
Young children
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Chap 23
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Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is an example of which of the following types of drugs?
Answer Volatile spirit Hallucinogen Stimulant Depressant |
Depressant
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Chap 23
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Signs and symptoms of alcohol abuse include all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer confusion. nausea and vomiting. decreased level of responsiveness. an acetone odor to the breath. |
an acetone odor to the breath.
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Chap 23
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Which of the following is LEAST often seen in carbon monoxide poisoning?
Answer Headache Cherry red lips Nausea Confusion |
Cherry red lips
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Chap 23
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Cleaning fluid, glue, and model cement are common examples of which of the following?
Answer Volatile chemicals Aromatic spirits Narcotics Hallucinogens |
Volatile chemicals
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Chap 23
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You have just arrived on the scene of an agricultural business and see three men coming out of a building, choking and holding their heads. One of the men tells you there are two workers still inside. What should you do next?
Answer Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and check on the status of the two workers inside the building. Call for properly trained assistance and stay a safe distance away from the scene. Get the assistance of the men who made it out of the building to prevent delay in finding the workers inside. Evaluate the three men and administer high-concentration oxygen, then help them get a safe distance away from the scene. |
Call for properly trained assistance and stay a safe distance away from the scene.
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Chap 23
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Which of the following MOST affects the extent of damage a poison does to the body?
Answer Patient's nutritional status, genetics, and strength of the immune system Patient's genetics, height, and medications taken Patient's race, age, and medications taken Patient's age, weight, and general health |
Patient's age, weight, and general health
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Chap 23
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Your patient is a 48-year-old male who has been exposed to a toxic powder that can be absorbed through the skin. Which of the following measures should be taken by the EMT?
Answer Flush the patient's skin with copious amounts of water. Brush off the powder and flush the patient's skin with copious amounts of water. Wipe the powder away with a damp cloth. Brush off the powder and flush the patient's skin with a solution of baking soda and water. |
Brush off the powder and flush the patient's skin with copious amounts of water.
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Chap 23
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The term poison is BEST described as any substance that can do which of the following?
Answer Deactivate nerve transmission Harm the body Increase cellular activity Depress the body's respirations |
Harm the body
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Chap 23
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A patient who has abused "uppers" will display which of the following signs and symptoms?
Answer Dilated pupils, excessive salivation, and food cravings Slurred speech, constricted pupils, and frequent urination Constricted pupils, hypotension, and blurred vision Excessive talkativeness, dilated pupils, and dry mouth |
Excessive talkativeness, dilated pupils, and dry mouth
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Chap 23
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Regarding activated charcoal, which of the following is NOT true?
Answer It does not work on all poisons. It can reduce the amount of poison absorbed by the gastrointestinal system. Ingestion of strong acids or alkalis is a contraindication to its use. It is an antidote to many poisons. |
It is an antidote to many poisons.
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Chap 23
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Which of the following is the cause of the black residue found in a patient's mouth and nose following smoke inhalation?
Answer Carbon monoxide Tar Carbon Cyanide |
Carbon
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Chap 23
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OxyContin is an example of which of the following types of drugs?
Answer Appetite suppressant Narcotic Antidepressant Barbiturate |
Narcotic
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Chap 23
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The "Opiate Triad" includes all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer coma. respiratory depression. hypertension. pinpoint pupils. |
hypertension
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Chap 23
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When a substance enters the body through unbroken skin, it has entered the body by which of the following routes?
Answer Ingestion Absorption Consumption Injection |
Absorption
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Chap 23
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Which of the following is a sign or symptom of withdrawal from alcohol?
Answer Seizures Sweating Hallucinations All of the above |
All of the above
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Chap 23
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By definition, a systemic poison causes harm to which of the following?
Answer Localized areas of tissue A specific organ system The stomach and intestines The entire body |
The entire body
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Chap 23
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Your patient is a conscious 16-year-old female who has ingested an unknown number of sleeping pills. Which of the following questions is LEAST pertinent to the care of this patient?
Answer Who do these sleeping pills belong to? Has anyone tried to treat you with anything? Over what period of time did you take the pills? How much do you weigh? |
Who do these sleeping pills belong to?
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Chap 23
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With the exception of the ________, most abdominal organs are not able to sense tearing sensations.
Answer colon liver ovaries aorta |
aorta
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Chap 24
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Which of the following structures is technically not located in the abdominal cavity?
Answer Spleen Liver Stomach Kidneys |
Kidneys
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Chap 24
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The detection of a pulsating mass upon palpation of a patient's abdomen should make the EMT suspicious that the patient may be suffering from which of the following?
Answer Gastroenteritis An ulcer An abdominal aortic aneurysm A hernia |
An abdominal aortic aneurysm
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Chap 24
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Your patient is a 17-year-old with a history of asthma. She is complaining of pain in her lower abdomen. Assessment reveals that her breath sounds are clear and equal, she has a respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute, a heart rate of 96 beats per minute, and a blood pressure of 112/74 mmHg. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
Answer Provide high-concentration oxygen. Assist the patient in the administration of her metered-dose inhaler. Have the patient breathe into a paper bag to rebreathe some of her carbon dioxide. All of the above |
Provide high-concentration oxygen.
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Chap 24
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Which of the following is NOT true concerning abdominal pain in geriatric patients?
Answer The elderly person may not be able to give a specific description of the pain. The elderly have a decreased ability to perceive pain. The causes of abdominal pain in the elderly are rarely serious. Medications may mask signs of shock associated with an abdominal complaint. |
The causes of abdominal pain in the elderly are rarely serious.
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Chap 24
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of parietal pain?
Answer Inflammation Infection Bleeding into the abdominal cavity Muscle spasm |
Muscle spasm
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Chap 24
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Which of the following questions may help the EMT assess a patient with abdominal pain?
Answer Do you have any allergies to foods or medicines? Do you have any medical problems, such as diabetes or heart problems? What medications are you taking? All of the above |
All of the above
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Chap 24
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When the gallbladder is diseased, the pain is not only felt in the RUQ but also in the right shoulder, this is known as:
Answer tearing pain. visceral pain. parietal pain. referred pain. |
referred pain.
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Chap 24
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Pain that originates in an organ, such as the intestines, is called ________ pain.
Answer referred parietal acute visceral |
visceral
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Chap 24
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Which of the following is true concerning parietal pain?
Answer It is generally localized to a particular area. It is usually intermittent in nature. It is often described as "crampy" or "colicky." It arises from solid organs. |
It is generally localized to a particular area.
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Chap 24
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Most organs of the abdomen are enclosed within the:
Answer extraperitoneal. midline. peritoneum. retroperitoneal. |
peritoneum
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Chap 24
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Which of the following is a concern when caring for the patient with abdominal pain?
Answer Shock Patient comfort Airway management All of the above |
All of the above
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Chap 24
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Your patient is a 40-year-old female who has been experiencing abdominal pain and vomiting for 2 days. She is now responsive to verbal stimulus; has cool, dry skin; a heart rate of
116; respirations of 24; and a blood pressure of 100/70. Which of the following is the BEST position for transporting this patient? Answer Sitting up at a 45-degree angle Supine with the knees bent Sitting up at a 90-degree angle Left lateral recumbent with the legs bent |
Left lateral recumbent with the legs bent
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Chap 24
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Pain felt in the epigastric region of the abdomen is of concern because of the possibility of which of the following?
Answer Influenza Extreme diarrhea with dehydration Myocardial infarction All of the above |
Myocardial infarction
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Chap 24
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Which of the following is the main focus of the EMT's assessment and history taking of the patient with abdominal pain?
Answer Determining the cause of the pain Determining the presence of shock Determining the possible need for immediate surgery Determining if the patient meets criteria to refuse treatment and transport |
Determining the presence of shock
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Chap 24
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Which abdominal quadrant contains the appendix?
Answer Right upper Right lower Left upper Left lower |
Right lower
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Chap 24
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You find a patient vomiting into a trash can. The vomitus appears to look like coffee grounds and has a foul smell. The patient is pale and has been weak for the past few days. She has:
Answer hernia. peritonitis. GI bleeding. abdominal aortic aneurysm. |
GI bleeding
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Chap 24
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You are called to a 25-year-old male complaining of RLQ pain. His other symptoms are nausea and vomiting, fever, and decreasing pain in the umbilicus area. As an EMT, you feel this patient might have:
Answer pancreatitis. appendicitis. peritonitis. cholecystitis. |
appendicitis
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Chap 24
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Which of the following is a characteristic of referred pain?
Answer It is felt in a location other than the organ causing it. It is only felt in hollow organs. It is caused by psychological stress. It is usually described as "crampy" or "colicky." |
It is felt in a location other than the organ causing it.
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Chap 24
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of abdominal pain?
Answer Food poisoning Stroke Heart attack Diabetes |
Stroke
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Chap 24
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When restraining a patient, which of the following is NOT a consideration?
Answer The patient's informed consent How to position the patient The number of people available to carry out the required actions The patient's size and strength |
The patient's informed consent
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Chap 25
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When a person acts in a manner that is unacceptable to himself or those around him, this would be considered which of the following?
Answer Psychotic episode Behavioral emergency Mental illness Psychosomatic reaction |
Behavioral emergency
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Chap 25
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Which of the following should NOT be included in documentation of an incident involving a patient with a behavioral or psychiatric emergency?
Answer Your observations of the patient's surroundings at the scene Your actions Description of the patient's behavior Whether or not you think the patient is mentally ill |
Whether or not you think the patient is mentally ill
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Chap 25
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Which of the following situations generally allows the EMT to transport a patient with a behavioral emergency against his or her wishes?
Answer The patient's personal physician gives you permission. A family member gives consent and is willing to accompany the patient. The patient's insurance company agrees to pay, even though the patient has not given consent. The patient is a threat to himself or others. |
The patient is a threat to himself or others.
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Chap 25
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Which of the following medical conditions may be the underlying cause of an apparent behavioral emergency?
Answer Mental illness Stroke Hypoglycemia All of the above |
All of the above
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Chap 25
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According to coworkers, your 25-year-old female patient suddenly began acting aggressively and being verbally abusive. She tells you she is "starving" and you notice that she is pale and diaphoretic. Which of the following would be an appropriate general impression?
Answer Alcoholic intoxication An underlying physical illness Sudden onset of schizophrenia None of the above |
An underlying physical illness
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Chap 25
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Which of the following statements concerning people who have made prior suicide attempts is true?
Answer They are at an increased risk for a subsequent successful suicide. They should be allowed to sign a release if their injuries are not serious. They are usually just making a cry for help but do not want to die. They do not require psychological counseling like a person who is truly depressed. |
They are at an increased risk for a subsequent successful suicide
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Chap 25
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Which of the following must be treated by the EMT if present in a patient with an apparent behavioral emergency?
Answer Severe clinical depression Suicidal ideology Hypoglycemia Acute alcohol intoxication |
Hypoglycemia
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Chap 25
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You are on the scene of a possible overdose. There is evidence of illicit drug use and the apartment is in disarray. The patient seems agitated and nervous. Attempts at calming the patient should include which of the following?
Answer Sit close to him with your arm around his shoulders to show that you are truly concerned. Repeat part of what the patient is saying to show that you are listening to him. Speak quickly to give the patient all of the important information without delay. Stand still with your arms crossed to instill a sense of control and authority. |
Repeat part of what the patient is saying to show that you are listening to him.
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Chap 25
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Your patient is a 24-year-old male who is severely depressed. He tells you that he can't "handle the pressure" anymore and that he wants to die. He is refusing transport. Which of the following is the most appropriate decision regarding this patient's care?
Answer Respect the patient's wishes; he is alert, oriented, and capable of giving consent. Contact the patient's family to find out what their wishes are. Leave the scene and allow law enforcement to handle the situation. With the assistance of law enforcement transport the patient against his will. |
With the assistance of law enforcement transport the patient against his will.
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Chap 25
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Concerning attempted suicide, which of the following statements is true?
Answer Attempted suicide is a matter for law enforcement, not EMS. There is always an indication that a suicide attempt is imminent. Truly suicidal patients nearly always leave a note. All suicide attempts must be taken seriously, even if the method seems insincere. |
All suicide attempts must be taken seriously, even if the method seems insincere.
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Chap 25
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Which of the following does NOT indicate that a patient may be about to become violent?
Answer Profane language Tense body posture or clenched fists Crying Loud voice and rapid pacing |
Crying
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Chap 25
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Which of the following statements concerning behavioral emergencies is true?
Answer A person with a behavioral emergency is mentally ill. It may be difficult to determine what is abnormal for a given person in a given situation. Emotional outbursts are considered behavioral emergencies. The person with a behavioral emergency requires prolonged institutionalization. |
It may be difficult to determine what is abnormal for a given person in a given situation.
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Chap 25
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Which of the following patients would be considered to be at the greatest risk for suicide?
Answer A married, 30-year-old man who has just learned that his employer is transferring him to a different state A 22-year-old man who has lost his job and is getting divorced A 35-year-old female who has a child with a serious illness A 44-year-old woman who has just recovered from a serious illness |
A 22-year-old man who has lost his job and is getting divorced
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Chap 25
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Which of the following may cause a patient to exhibit abnormal behavior?
Answer Hypoxia Allergic reaction Gastroenteritis All of the above |
Hypoxia
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Chap 25
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As an EMT, it is important that you be able to do all of the following EXCEPT
Answer control your own emotions when dealing with patients who say upsetting things to you. ensure your safety and that of others at the scene. deal with a wide variety of emotions and behaviors. provide counseling and advice to patients with personal problems. |
provide counseling and advice to patients with personal problems
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Chap 25
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Which of the following actions is the MOST appropriate for the EMT to take when managing a patient with a behavioral emergency?
Answer Calm and reassure the patient. Establish control of the situation by a show of force. Find out if the patient's insurance covers psychiatric treatment. Quickly perform a head-to-toe exam and transport without delay. |
Calm and reassure the patient.
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Chap 25
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Once you have established with reasonable certainty that your patient is suffering from a behavioral emergency, which of the following is the best course of action?
Answer Establish the best way to restrain the patient before he has the opportunity to become violent. Attempt to determine if there is a possible physical cause for the patient's behavior. There is no need to assess for medical conditions if the patient does not have a history of past medical problems. Begin intense individual counseling with the patient. |
Attempt to determine if there is a possible physical cause for the patient's behavior.
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Chap 25
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Which of the following traumatic conditions may account for signs and symptoms of a behavioral emergency?
Answer A fractured tibia 10 percent BSA partial thickness burn Internal hemorrhage A fractured lumbar vertebra |
Internal hemorrhage
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Chap 25
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Management of the suicidal patient includes all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer communication. physical examination. leaving the patient. SAMPLE history. |
leaving the patient.
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Chap 25
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When a patient or bystander at the scene of an emergency displays fear, anger, or grief, this is best described as which of the following?
Answer Catharsis Neurosis Stress reaction Post-traumatic stress disorder |
Stress reaction
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Chap 25
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Which of the following is NOT an acceptable method or adjunct in restraining a patient?
Answer Restraining the patient face-up Hog-tying the patient Securing all four limbs with leather restraints Placing a surgical mask over the patient's face to prevent spitting |
Hog-tying the patient
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Chap 25
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When responding to an attempted suicide, which of the following is the EMT's primary concern?
Answer Personal safety Managing the patient's airway Determining whether the patient suffers from clinical depression Contacting law enforcement since suicide is illegal |
Personal safety
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Chap 25
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Your patient is a 37-year-old male sitting on the kitchen floor. He is fidgeting and has apparently thrown some dishes against the wall. What should be your first consideration?
Answer Ask the wife to step into the other room so you can speak with the patient alone. Ask the wife to step outside with you so you can get information from her. Stay a safe distance away. Quickly check the patient's carotid pulse. |
Stay a safe distance away.
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Chap 25
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Which of the following factors suggest that a patient is at risk for suicide?
Answer Recent emotional trauma Sudden improvement in depression Alcohol and drug abuse All of the above |
All of the above
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Chap 25
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