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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name up to eight soft tissues. |
-Skin -Fatty tissues -Muscles -Blood vessels -Connective tissues -Membranes -Glands -Nerves Ch. 26, pg. 681 |
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Name five major functions of the skin |
-Protection -Water balance -Temperature regulation -Excretion -Shock (impact) absorption Ch. 26, pg. 682-683 |
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Name the three major layers of the skin |
-Epidermis -Dermis -Subcutaneous layer Ch. 26, pg. 683 |
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"Soft-tissue injuries are generally classified as ____________ or __________." |
-Closed wounds -Open wounds Ch. 26, pg. 683 |
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Name three types of closed wounds |
-Contusions -Hematomas -Crush injuries Ch. 26, pg. 683 |
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What is the most frequently encountered type of closed wound? |
Contusion Ch. 26, pg. 683 |
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"Swelling is caused by both ________________ and by _____________________________." |
-The collection of blood under the skin Ch. 26, pg. 684 |
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"The most common closed injuries associate with blast trauma are the _________________." |
Rupture of hollow organs Ch. 26, pg. 685 |
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Name up to eight types of open wounds |
-Abrasions -Lacerations -Punctures -Avulsions -Amputations -Crush injuries -Blast injuries -High-pressure injection injuries Ch. 26, pg. 686 |
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"In cases in which flaps of skin have been torn loose but not off, follow these steps:" |
1. Clean the wound surface 2. Fold the skin back to its normal position as gently as possible 3. Control bleeding and dress the wound using bulky pressure dressings Ch. 26, pg. 697 |
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What do first-, second-, and third-degree burns correspond to with the new terminology? |
Superficial, partial thickness, and full thickness, respectively Ch. 26, pg. 701 |
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Six factors to consider when determining the severity of a burn |
-Agent or source of the burn -Body regions burned -Depth of the burn -Extent of the burn -Age of the patient -Other illnesses and injuries Ch. 26, pg. 702-703 |
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Each of the areas that are 9 percent of the total body area by the rule of nines |
-Head and neck -Each upper extremity -Chest -Abdomen -Upper back -Lower back and buttocks -Front of each lower extremity -Back of each lower extremity Ch. 26, pg. 703 |
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What ages are most vulnerable to burns |
-Infants -Children under age five -Adults over age fifty-five Ch. 26, pg. 704 |
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What severity of burn is this in an adult: Full thickness burn of less than 2 percent of the body surface, excluding the face, hands, feet, genitalia, or respiratory tract. |
Minor burn Ch. 26, pg. 705 |
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What severity of burn is this in an adult: Partial thickness burn of less than 15 percent of the body surface. |
Minor burn Ch. 26, pg. 705 |
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What severity of burn is this in an adult: Superficial burn of 50 percent of the body surface or less |
Minor burn Ch. 26, pg. 705 |
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What severity of burn is this in an adult: Full thickness burn of 2 to 10 percent of the body surface, excluding the face, hands, feet, genitalia, or respiratory tract |
Moderate burn Ch. 26, pg. 705 |
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What severity of burn is this in an adult: Partial thickness burn of 15 to 30 percent of the body surface |
Moderate burn Ch. 26, pg. 705 |
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What severity of burn is this in an adult: Superficial burn that involves more than 50 percent of the body surface |
Moderate burn Ch. 26, pg. 705 |
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What severity of burn is this in an adult: A burn complicated by injuries of the respiratory tract, other soft-tissue injuries, and injuries of the bones |
Critical burn Ch. 26, pg. 705 |
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What severity of burn is this in an adult: Partial thickness or full thickness burn involving the face, hands, feet, genitalia, or respiratory tract |
Critical burn Ch. 26, pg. 705 |
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What severity of burn is this in an adult: Full thickness burn of more than 10 percent |
Critical burn Ch. 26, pg. 705 |
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What severity of burn is this in an adult: Partial thickness burn of more than 30 percent |
Critical burn Ch. 26, pg. 705 |
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What severity of burn is this in an adult: Burns complicated by musculoskeletal injuries |
Critical burn Ch. 26, pg. 705 |
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What severity of burn is this in an adult: Circumferential burn |
Critical burn Ch. 26, pg. 705 |
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"Burns usually classified as moderate are considered critical in adults over ____________." |
Fifty-five years of age Ch. 26, pg. 706 |
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What severity of burn is this in children less than five years of age: Partial thickness burn of less than 10 percent of the body surface |
Minor burn Ch. 26, pg. 706 |
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What severity of burn is this in children less than five years of age: Partial thickness burn of 10 to 20 percent of the body surface |
Moderate burn Ch. 26, pg. 706 |
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What severity of burn is this in children less than five years of age: Full thickness burn of any extent or partial thickness burn of more than 20 percent of body surface. |
Critical burn Ch. 26, pg. 706 |
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Nine step for caring for thermal burns |
1. Stop the burning/cool the burned area 2. Ensure an open airway. Assess breathing 3. Look for signs of airway injury 4. Complete the primary assessment 5. Treat for shock 6. Evaluate burns by depth, extent, and severity 7. Do not clear debris. Remove clothing/jewelry 8. Wrap with dry sterile dressing 9. If hands/feet: remove rings/jewelry, separate finger or toes with sterile gauze pads Ch. 26, pg. 707 |
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How do you clean dry lime off a burn patient? |
Use water only after the lime has been brushed from the body, contaminated clothing and jewelry have been removed, and the process of washing can be done quickly and continuously with running water Ch. 26, pg. 709 |
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"Radiation is a form of energy in which __________________________________." |
Electromagnetic waves travel through space and through matter such as the human body Ch. 26, pg. 711 |
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Definition: abrasion |
A scratch or scrape Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: amputation |
The surgical removal or traumatic severing of a body part, usually an extremity Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: avulsion |
The tearing away or tearing off of a piece or flap of skin or other soft tissue. This term may also be used for an eye pulled from its socket or a tooth dislodged from its socket Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: bandage |
Any material used to hold a dressing in place Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: closed wound |
An internal injury with no open pathway from the outside Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: contusion |
A bruise Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: crush injury |
An injury caused when force is transmitted from the body's exterior to its internal structures. Bones can be broken; muscles, nerves, and tissues damaged; and internal organs ruptured, causing internal bleeding Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: dermis |
The inner (second) layer of the skin found beneath the epidermis. Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: dressing |
Any material (preferably sterile) used to cover a wound that will help control bleeding and prevent additional contamination. Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: epidermis |
The outer layer of the skin Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: full thickness burn |
A burn in which all the layers of the skin are damaged. There are usually areas that are charred black or areas that are dry and white. Also called a third-degree burn Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: hematoma |
A swelling caused by the collection of blood under the skin or in damaged tissues as a result of an injured or broken blood vessel Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: laceration |
A cut Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: occlusive dressing |
Any dressing that forms an airtight seal Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: open wound |
An injury in which the skin is interrupted, exposing the tissue beneath Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: partial thickness burn |
A burn in which the epidermis (first layer of skin) is burned through and the dermis (second layer) is damaged. Burns of this type cause reddening, blistering, and a mottled appearance. Also called a second-degree burn Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: pressure dressing |
A dressing applied applied tightly to control bleeding Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: puncture wound |
An open wound that tears through the skin and destroys underlying tissues. A penetrating puncture wound can be shallow or deep. A perforating puncture wound has both an entrance and an exit wound Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: rule of nine |
A method for estimating the extent of a burn. For an adult, each of the following areas represents 9 percent of the body surface: the head and neck, each upper extremity, the chest, the abdomen, the upper back, the lower back and buttocks, the front of each lower extremity. The remaining 1 percent is assigned to the genital region. For an infant or child, the percentages are modified so 18 percent is assigned to the head, 14 percent to each lower extremity Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: rule of palm |
A method for estimating the extent of a burn. The palm and fingers of the patient's own hand, which equals about 1 percent of the body's surface area, is compared with the patient's burn to estimate its size Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: subcutaneous layers |
The layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: superficial burn |
A burn that involves only the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin. It is characterized by reddening of the skin and perhaps some swelling. A common example is a sunburn. Also called a first-degree burn. Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
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Definition: universal dressing |
A bulky dressing Ch. 26, pg. 719 |
