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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"...exceptionally fast breathing will actually reduce ________ and _________." |
-Minute volume -Alveolar respiration Ch. 10, pg. 217 |
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"In most people, the urge to breath is caused by __________________." |
The buildup of carbon dioxide Ch. 10, pg. 219 |
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"When you note that a patient's breathing is absent, you will ____________________." |
Provide artificial ventilation Ch. 10, pg. 220 |
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"In inadequate breathing, either _______________ or _________________ (or both) falls outside of normal ranges." |
-Rate of breathing -Depth of breathing Ch. 10, pg. 221 |
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When children are breathing inadequately, retractions may be seen in these areas: |
-Above the clavicles -Between and below the ribs Ch. 10, pg. 224 |
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Nasal flaring may be found among ____________ who are breathing inadequately |
Infants and children Ch. 10, pg. 224 |
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"If you determine that the patient is not breathing or that his breathing is inadequate, you will need to ______________." |
Provide artificial ventilation Ch. 10, pg. 226 |
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Name three negative side effects of positive pressure ventilation |
-Decreasing cardiac output/dropping blood pressure -Gastric distention -Hyperventilation Ch. 10, pg. 226 |
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Use a ________ mask to establish a seal around a stoma |
Pediatric-sized Ch. 10, pg. 234 |
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"If unable to artificially ventilate through the stoma, consider ___________________________." |
Sealing the stoma and attempting artificial ventilation through the mouth and nose Ch. 10, pg. 234 |
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D cylinder oxygen capacity |
350 liters Ch. 10, pg. 238 |
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E cylinder oxygen capacity |
625 liters Ch. 10, pg. 238 |
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M cylinder oxygen capacity |
3,000 liters Ch. 10, pg. 238 |
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G cylinder oxygen capacity |
5,300 liters Ch. 10, pg. 238 |
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H cylinder oxygen capacity |
6,900 liters Ch. 10, pg. 238 |
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"The safe residual for an oxygen cylinder is when the pressure gauge reads _____________." |
200 psi or above Ch. 10, pg. 238 |
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Nonrebreather mask flow rate |
12-15 liters per minute Ch. 10, pg. 247 |
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Nasal cannula flow rate |
1-6 liters per minute Ch. 10, pg. 247 |
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Partial rebreather mask flow rate |
9-10 liters per minute Ch. 10, pg. 247 |
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Venturi mask flow rate |
Varied, depending on device; up to 15 liters per minute Ch. 10, pg. 247 |
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Tracheostomy mask flow rate |
8-10 liters per minute Ch. 10, pg. 247 |
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Nonrebreather mask oxygen concentration |
80-90 percent Ch. 10, pg. 247 |
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Nasal cannula oxygen concentration |
24-44 percent Ch. 10, pg. 247 |
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Partial rebreather oxygen concentration |
40-60 percent Ch. 10, pg. 247 |
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Venturi mask oxygen concentration |
24-60 percent Ch. 10, pg. 247 |
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Tracheostomy mask oxygen concentration |
Can be set up to deliver varying oxygen percentages as required by the patient; desired percentage of oxygen may be recommended by the home care agency. Ch. 10, pg. 247 |
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Definition: alveolar ventilation |
The amount of air that reaches the alveoli Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: artificial ventilation |
Forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing. Also called positive pressure ventilation Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: automatic transport ventilator (ATV) |
A device that provides positive pressure ventilations. It includes settings designed to adjust ventilation rate and volume, is portable, and is easily carried on an ambulance Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: bag-valve mask (BVM) |
A handheld device with a face mask and self-refilling bag that can be squeezed to provide artificial ventilations to a patient. It can deliver air from the atmosphere or oxygen from a supplemental oxygen supply system. Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: cellular respiration |
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulating blood Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: cyanosis |
A blue or gray color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: diffusion |
A process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: flowmeter |
A valve that indicates the flow of oxygen in liters per minute Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device (FROPVD) |
A device that uses oxygen under pressure to deliver artificial ventilations. Its trigger is placed so the rescuer can operate it while still using both hands to maintain a seal on the face mask. It has automatic flow restriction to prevent overdelivery of oxygen to the patient Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: humidifier |
A device connected to the flowmeter to add moisture to the dry oxygen coming from an oxygen cylinder Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: hypoxia |
An insufficiency of oxygen in the body's tissues Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: nasal cannula |
A device that delivers low concentrations of oxygen through two prongs that rest in the patient's nostrils Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: nonrebreather mask (NRB) |
A face mask and reservoir bag device that delivers high concentrations of oxygen. The patient's exhaled air escapes through a valve and is not rebreathed Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: oxygen cylinder |
A cylinder filled with oxygen under pressure Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: partial rebreather mask |
A face mask and reservoir oxygen bag with no one-way valve to the reservoir bag so some exhaled air mixes with the oxygen; used in some patients to help preserve carbon dioxide levels in the blood to stimulate breathing Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: pocket face mask |
A device, usually with a one-way valve, to aid in artificial ventilation. A rescuer breathes through the valve when the mask is placed over the patient's face. It also acts as a barrier to prevent contact with a patient's breath or body fluids. It can be used with supplemental oxygen when fitted with an oxygen inlet Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: pressure regulator |
A device connected to an oxygen cylinder to reduce cylinder pressure so it is safe for delivery of oxygen to a patient Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: pulmonary respiration |
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: respiration |
The diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood (pulmonary respiration) and between the blood and the cells (cellular respiration). Also used to mean, simply, breathing Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: respiratory arrest |
When breathing completely stops Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: respiratory distress |
Increased work of breathing; a sensation of shortness of breath Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: respiratory failure |
The reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: stoma |
A permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient breathes Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: tracheostomy mask |
A device designed to be placed over a stoma or tracheostomy tube to provide supplemental oxygen Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: ventilation |
Breathing in and out (inhalation and exhalation), or artificial provision of breaths Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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Definition: Venturi mask |
A face mask and reservoir bag that delivers specific concentrations of oxygen by mixing oxygen with inhaled air Ch. 10, pg. 258 |
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"...a 100-kg adult has an average tidal volume of roughly ___________." |
500 mL Ch. 10, pg. 216 |
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"When a person's cardiopulmonary system cannot keep up with the body's current demands, ________ increase and ______ occurs." |
-Carbon dioxide levels -Hypoxia Ch. 10, pg. 219 |
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What stage of respiratory decline is a patient probably in when they exhibit the following signs and symptoms? -Increased respiratory rate -Increased heart rate -Normal mental status -Normal skin color |
Respiratory distress Ch. 10, pg. 220 |
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What stage of respiratory decline is a patient probably in when they exhibit the following signs and symptoms? -Shallow ventilations -Abnormal breath sounds -Cyanosis -Decreased minute volume |
Respiratory failure Ch. 10, pg. 221 |
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What stage of respiratory decline is a patient probably in when they exhibit the following signs and symptoms? -No chest rise -No breath sounds -Unresponsiveness |
Respiratory arrest Ch. 10, pg. 221 |
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"Normally the heart uses the _________ of ventilation to assist the filling of its chambers with blood." |
Negative pressure Ch. 10, pg. 226 |
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"Inadequate artificial ventilation occurs when:" |
-The chest does not rise and fall with ventilation -The rate of ventilation is too fast or too slow Ch. 10, pg. 227 |
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"...mouth-to-mouth ventilation is not recommended unless ____________________." |
There is not alternative method of artificial ventilation available Ch. 10, pg. 227 |
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"BVM systems without a reservoir deliver approximately _______ percent oxygen. In contrast, systems with an oxygen reservoir provide nearly _______ percent oxygen." |
-50 -100 Ch. 10, pg. 231 |
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"In one-rescuer CPR, it is preferable to use a(n) __________ rather than a BVM system." |
Pocket mask with supplemental oxygen Ch. 10, pg. 233 |
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"Always remember to ______ rather than oxygenate patients in respiratory failure or arrest." |
Ventilate Ch. 10, pg. 237 |
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What is the formula for determining duration of flow in minutes? |
(Gauge pressure in psi) - (safe residual pressure in psi)] * (cylinder constant) / (flow rate in liters per minute) Ch. 10, pg. 239 |
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"The ___________ is the EMT's best way to deliver high concentrations of oxygen to a breathing patient." |
Nonrebreather mask Ch. 10, pg. 247 |
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"The reservoir [of an NRB] must always contain enough oxygen so it does not deflate by more than _____________ when the patient takes his deepest inspiration." |
One-third Ch. 10, pg. 247 |
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"If the [endotracheal] tube is pushed in too far, it will most likely enter the ______________..." |
Right mainstem bronchi Ch. 10, pg. 253 |
