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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what is the first sign in embryo of formation of respiratory system?
respiratory diverticulum in ventral wall of foregut
what is the lung bud?
forms from the distal end of respiratory diverticulum, which divides into 2 bronchial buds
what forms from the bronchial buds?
primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi
what happens to the respiratory diverticulum?
initially is an open communication with the foregut, but becomes obliterated by teh formation of the tracheoesophageal septum
clinical presentation of tracheoesophageal fistula
excessive salivation
gagging and cyanosis following having milk
abdominal distention
reflux of gastric contents --> pneumonitis
Describe formation of bronchi
in week 5: bronchial buds enlarge --> primary bronchi --> subdivide into secondary bronchi --> subdivide into teritary bronchi
how many tertiary bronchi are on R? L?
10
8-9
where do the developing bronchi go as they expand?
into the primitive pleural cavity
what type of mesoderm covers the visceral pleura?
what type of mesoderm covers the parietal pleura?
visceral mesoderm
somatic mesoderm
what is congenital neonatal emphysema?
collapsed bronchi d/t failure of bronchial cartilage to develop
diagnostic features of congenital bronchial cysts? (aka bronchiectasis)
see honeycombing on xray if there are multiple cysts filled with fluid/air
what is the cause for pulmonary agenesis
failure of bronchial buds to develop
what are the causes for pulmonary hypoplasia
renal agenesis (potter's syndrome, oligohydramnios increases pressure on fetal thorax)
congenital diaphragmatic hernia (compresses developing lung)
what are the phases (and time-frames)of lung development?
glandular phase (5-17 weeks)
canalicular phase (17-25 weeks)
terminal sac phase (25 weeks - birth)
alveolar phase (birth - 8 yrs)
what is the histo appearance of lung tissue in the glandular phase?
gland like
capillaries poorly developed, not in contact with the lung tissue
what type of epithelium is the tissue in the glandular period made from?
simple cuboidal
what is the histo appearance of lung tissue in the canalicular phase?
respiratory ronchioles adn terminal sacs form
vascularization increases and surrounds the respiratory bronchioles and terminal sacs (but still not in contact with the lung tissue)
what is the histo appearance of lung tissue in the terminal sac period?
capillaries make contact with type I pneumocytes --> respiration and establishes blood-air barrier
what is the exact mechanism behind hyaline membrane disease?
repeated gasping inhalations --> damage to alveolar ining