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32 Cards in this Set
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The menstrual cycle is the period during which the |
oocyte matures,
is ovulated, enters the uterine tube. |
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The hormones FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone produce cyclic changes in the
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endometrium
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endometrium changes occur due to what Hormones =
4ct |
FSH,
LH, estrogen progesterone |
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monthly changes in the internal layer of the uterus constitute the endometrial cycle, commonly referred to as the
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menstrual cycle.
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Phases of the Menstrual Cycle
h+ |
▪Proliferative Phase
▪Luteal/secretory Phase ▪Menstrual Phase |
P
L M |
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The proliferative (aka) phase
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(follicular, estrogenic)
lasting about = |
9 days
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During the cycle
There is a two- to three-fold increase in the thickness of the |
Endometrium
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During each cycle, FSH promotes growth of several premordial follicles into
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5 to 12 primary follicles.
Hence, 4 to 11 follicles degenerate each month. |
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fluid-filled spaces appear around the follicular cells, which coalesce to form a single large cavity-
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antrum, which contains follicular fluid.
After the antrum forms, the ovarian follicle is called a = |
vesicular or secondary follicle
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The primary oocyte is pushed to one side of the follicle, where it is surrounded by a mound of follicular cells, the =
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cumulus oophorus, that projects into the antrum
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Hormones produced by the ovary:
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estrogen
androgens |
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***Theca interna produce
H = 2ct |
Estrogen & Androgen
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Hormones produced by the ovary:
Growing follicles produce |
estrogen
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Hormones produced by the ovary:
The vascular theca interna produces |
androgens
and some estrogen |
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Hormones produced by the ovary:
stromal secretory cells, known collectively as the interstitial glands of the ovary also produce some = |
estrogen
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Primary oocyte completes first meiotic cell division where in the menses =
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shortly
before ovulation |
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Ovulation : Release of
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secondary Oocyte.
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Ovulation
Occurs around midcycle (14th day ovarian follicle - under the influence of FSH and LH undergoes a sudden growth spurt producing a cystic swelling or bulge on the surface of the ovary A small avascular spot, = |
stigma
soon appears on this swelling Ovulation is triggered by a surge of = Ovulation usually follows the LH peak by = The stigma soon = |
LH production
12 to 24 hours ruptures, expelling secondary oocyte w/ follicular fluid |
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***The expelled secondary oocyte is surrounded by the =
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zona pellucida
and one or more layers of follicular cells, which are = |
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arranged as the corona radiata |
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The zona pellucida is composed of three glycoproteins =
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(ZPA, ZPB, ZPC),
which form a network of filaments with multiple pores info |
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Binding of the sperm to the zona pellucida (sperm-oocyte interactions) is a complex and critical event during fertilization. |
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Under LH influence they develop into a glandular structure, the corpus luteum – which secretes |
***progesterone
(to help implantation)and some estrogen These hormones, particularly progesterone, cause the endometrial glands to secrete and prepare the endometrium for implantation of the = |
blastocyst
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Structure of the pre ovalotory Follicle
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Theca interna
Antrum Oocyte |
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Structure of the ovalotory Follicle
slide 74 |
Ovarian stroma
Theca externa Granulosa cells theca interna Antrum ejected - Cumulus ophorus cells |
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Structure of the Corpus Luteum
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Ovarian stroma
Luteal Cells Blood vessels Fibrin |
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corpus luteum of pregnancy remains functionally active throughout the first =
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20 weeks
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after ______? the placenta produces E / Prog.)
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20 wks
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***When pregnancy occurs, degeneration of the corpus luteum is prevented by =
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human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
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human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by
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trophoblast cell from placenta
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hCG, a hormone produced by the =
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syncytiotrophoblast
info |
hCG, a hormone produced by the syncytiotrophoblast keeps the corpus luteum secreting estrogens and progesterone
The luteal phase continues and menstruation does not occur. |
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Cleavage of the zygote and blastogenesis occur
The blastocyst begins to implant in the endometrium on about the = |
sixth day of the luteal phase
(day 20 of a 28-day cycle) |
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If the oocyte is not fertilized:
the corpus luteum involutes and degenerates 10 to 12 days after ovulation It is then called a corpus luteum of menstruation The corpus luteum is subsequently transformed into white scar tissue in the ovary - a |
corpus albicans
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The corpus luteum degenerates
Estrogen and progesterone levels fall and the secretory endometrium enters an |
ischemic phase
Menstruation occurs. |
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