Embryology Final Review

Front 1

Where are the myoepithelial cells, and what do they do?

Back 1

Located on the surface of acini;

contract, and squeeze the acinus forcing saliva out

Front 2

What does each germinal center of a lymphatic nodule contain?

Back 2

Immature B-Lymphocytes

Front 3

Name the 4 phases of cell division in order.

Back 3

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Front 4

The portion of the jaw bone that forms the body of the maxilla or mandible and is apical to the roots of the teeth is called:

Back 4

Basal Bone

Front 5

How can orthokeratinized and parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium be differentiated?

Back 5

Parakeratinized has nuclei

Front 6

The enamel feature caused by odontoblasts crossing over the basement membrane before it mineralized into the DEJ:

Back 6

Enamel Spindles

Front 7

Melanin is a pigment formed by_________,

Which have small granules called_________,

that store the melanin pigment.

Back 7

MELANOCYTES,

MELANOSOMES

Front 8

Lining mucosa is associated with what type of epithelium?

Back 8

Non-keratinized

Front 9

Melanosomes are injected into _________cells of the basal layer.

Back 9

epithelial

Front 10

Mitosis of epithelial cells occurs in the

_______layer.

Back 10

Basal

Front 11

An intercellular junction between two cells:

Back 11

desmosome

Front 12

An intercellular junction that attaches a cell to a non cellular surface:

Back 12

hemidesmosome

Front 13

Trauma in the cementum causes:

Back 13

Arrest and reverse lines

Front 14

Incremental lines in mature enamel, a neonatal line marking stress or trauma produced as a result of metabolic trauma:

Back 14

Lines of Retzius

Front 15

Organelle associated with centrioles:

Back 15

centrosome

Front 16

Fluid part of the cell contained with in the cell membrane:

Back 16

cytoplasm

Front 17

Metabolically inert substances or transient structures in the cell:

Back 17

Inclusions

Front 18

Organelles that function in intracellular and extracellular digestion:

Back 18

Lysosomes

Front 19

Intermediate filaments that have a major role in intercellular junctions:

Back 19

Tonofilaments

Front 20

Organelles associated with protein production:

Back 20

Ribosomes

Front 21

Makes enamel matrix by secreting it from the tomes process:

Back 21

ameloblasts

Front 22

A small, hallow space that surrounds chondrocyte or osteocyte within the cartilage matrix or bone:

Back 22

Lacuna

Front 23

Organelle associated with energy conversion and a site for metabolic reactions; "power plant":

Back 23

Mitochondria

Front 24

The engulfing and digestion of solid waste by a white blood cell (monocyte) through enzymatic breakdown:

Back 24

Phagocytosis

Front 25

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes during what phase of mitosis:

Back 25

Prophase

Front 26

Division into two sister cells and the nuclear membrane reappears during what phase of mitosis:

Back 26

Telephase

Front 27

Function of the Golgi complex in the cell:

Back 27

packages protein compounds

Front 28

The organelle that builds protein from a set of genetic instructions:

Back 28

Ribosomes

Front 29

Organelle described as tiny sacs filled with enzymes that enable the cell to utilized its nutrients and also destroy the cell after it has died:

Back 29

Lysosomes

Front 30

The attached gingiva and buccal mucosa are mainly pinkish in color and not reddish due to:

Back 30

Increased thickness of the epithelial layers

Front 31

The basal layer of oral mucosa generally has:

Back 31

cells under going mitosis

Front 32

Area of the oral cavity categorized as having a lining mucosa:

Back 32

soft palate

Front 33

The extensions of the epithelium into the connective tissue as they appear on histological sections are called:

Back 33

rete pegs

Front 34

What area of the oral cavity has specialized mucosa:

Back 34

dorsal tongue surface

Front 35

What structure separates the epithelium from the connective tissue:

Back 35

basement membrane

Front 36

Type of tissue that makes up the bulk of the lamina propria of the oral mucosa:

Back 36

connective tissue

Front 37

The most common type of cell in the lamina propria:

Back 37

fibroblast

Front 38

Cells that produce dentin and differentiate from outer cells of the papilla:

Back 38

odontoblasts

Front 39

Cells that resorb dentin, cementum, and enamel:

Back 39

odontoclasts

Front 40

Membrane at the cephalic end of the embryo:

Back 40

oropharyngeal membrane

Front 41

Bone forming cells

Back 41

Osteoblasts

Front 42

cells that function in the resorption of bone:

Back 42

osteoclasts

Front 43

Embryonic layer located between the ectoderm and endoderm:

Back 43

mesoderm

Front 44

reproductive cell production that ensures the correct number of chromosomes:

Back 44

meiosis

Front 45

Embryonic connective tissue:

Back 45

mesnchyme

Front 46

residue on newly erupted teeth that may become extrinsically stained:

Back 46

nasmyth's membrane

Front 47

Into which cell type does the inner enamel epithelium differentiate during tooth development?

Back 47

ameloblasts

Front 48

A pronounced band present on the cross section of both enamel and dentin due to trauma at birth:

Back 48

neonatal line

Front 49

The crystalline structural unit of enamel is called:

Back 49

enamel rods

Front 50

The secretory surface of the ameloblasts that faces the DEJ:

Back 50

Tomes process

Front 51

Residual tubules formed when odontoblastic processes extend across the DEJ into the enamel during odontogenesis:

Back 51

enamel spindles

Front 52

Mature enamel is ____% mineralized or inorganic material.

Back 52

96%

Front 53

After the ameloblast completes its job, they become part of the ______ _______ epithelium.

Back 53

REDUCED ENAMEL EPITHELIUM (REE)

Front 54

Raised ridges noted on the non-masticatory surfaces of some teeth which are associated with lines of retzius:

Back 54

perikamata

Front 55

Partially calcified vertical sheets of enamel matrix that extend from the DEJ to the outer occlusal surface which can appear as longitudinal cracks in the enamel:

Back 55

enamel lamellae

Front 56

Enamel mineralization continues after the tooth erupts through the depositon of calcium and fluoride from:

Back 56

saliva

Front 57

The pulp structure formed when Hertwig's root sheath encounters a blood vessel:

Back 57

accessory canal

Front 58

The peritubular dentin that is found surrounding each odontoblastic process is more mineralized than:

Back 58

intertubular dentin

Front 59

Secondary dentin forms after the completion of the ______ _______.

Back 59

apical foramen