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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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oocytes |
female germ cells |
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female sexual hormones |
-Estrogens -Progesterone |
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what is produced in ovaries (3 things) |
oocytes (female germ cells) female sex hormones small quantity androgens |
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ovary histology |
covered by: -simple epithelium (cuboidal or columnar) -tunica albuginea (dense connective tissue) |
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tunica albuginea |
dense connective tissue in penis, testicles and ovaries |
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Ovarian medulla |
-central portion -highly contorted blood vessels -lymphatic vessels -nerves |
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ovarian cortex |
thick layer inside the edge -ovarian follicles different stages |
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ovarian follicles different stages (5) |
-developing follicle -ovulation -corpos luteum (endocrine gland) -no fertilization- corpus albicans (connective tissue) -atresic bodies- degeneration |
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layers of uterus |
endometrium myometrium perimetrium |
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endometrium morphology (3) |
mucosa made of: simple cuboidal epithelium (ciliated and secretory cells) lamina propria- loose connective tissue (uterine tubular glands)
no submucosa |
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myometrium morphology(3) |
muscle cells in stroma (connective tissue) three layers- -submucosal -vascular -subserosal forms structural and functional syncytium |
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perimetrium |
external serosa layer |
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serosa (serous membrane) |
two layers of epithelial cells inner layer- visceral membrane connective tissue in between outer layer- parietal layer |
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serous fluid |
fills the inside of body cavities |
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Oogonia |
An immature female reproductive cell that gives rise to primary oocytes by mitosis |
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Beginning of Gametogenesis (2) |
In fetal period: - Cells in sexual cords differentiate into follicular cells -Germ cells become Oogonia by mitosis |
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oogenesis |
4th month of fetal life- some oogonia become primary oocytes through meiosis 7th month " " "- al oogonia are primary oocytes- form the primordial follicle. |
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primary oocyte |
-46, 4N -Created from replicated oogonia, all formed by month 5, no oogonia at birth -remain dormant until puberty |
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meiosis 1 (5 steps) |
synapsis- pairing of 46 homologous duplicated chromosomes crossing over- exchange of "chunks" of dna alignment- 46 homologous duplicated chromosomes align at metaphase plate disjunction- separation , centromeres do not split cell division- creation of two secondary gametocytes (23 duplicated chromosomes, 2N) |
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meiosis 2 (5 steps) |
synapsis- N/A Crossing over- N/A Alignment- 23 duplicated chromosomes at metaphase plate disjunction- separation of 23 duplicated chromosomes to form 23 single chromosomes, centromeres split cell division- formation of gametes, 23 single chromosomes, 1N |
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number of oocytes |
month 5- 7 million birth- 2 million (1 million) puberty- 40,000(200,000-400,000) |
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Follicle development is supervised by: |
-pituitary gland: stimulation of follicle maturation by FSH ovulation induction by LH formation of corpus luteum |
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Corpus luteum |
hormone-secreting structure (progesterone and estrogens), formed in ovary by theca interna cells after ovum discharge. if no fertilization- menstural corpus luteum, stops hormone production after 10 days and becomes corpus albicans (scar tissue) if fertilized- gravidic corpus luteum- produce progesterone for first 4 months, maintained by HCG produced by embryo |
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follicular development 1 primordial follicle |
reservoir of oocytes glycoproteins secreted by follicular cells form the zona pellucida follicular cells make gap junctions but not occluding junctions (no blood-follicle barrier) |
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follicular development 2 secondary follicle |
-Follicular cells arrange in multi-layers -oocyte is bigger (80-100 micrometer) -formation of follicular thecae which internal part responsible for secretion of hormones -formation of cumulous oophorus -expression of FSH receptors |
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zona pellucida |
Extracellular coat around oocyte made from glycoproteins secreted by follicular cells |
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zp-3 protein |
glycoprotein in zona pellucida functioning as receptor for sperm binding reaction and acrosome reaction |
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LH |
Luteinizing hormone produced in pituitary gland triggers ovulation and development of corpus luteum |
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FSH |
follicle stimulating hormone pituitary gland maturation of germ cells initiated follicular growth |
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FOLLICULAR THECA |
layer of ovarian follicles theca interna - LH receptors theca externa |
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Cumulous oophorus |
thickened layer of follicular cells around the oocyte |
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follicular development 3 last phases of oogenesis |
-mitosis stops at follicular cells -cumulous oophorus expands and adds mucous -meiosis 1 starts in oocyte- 3 hours before ovulation and then pause at metaphase of 2nd meiosis -incresed liquid volume raptures follicle and oocyte is released to uterine tube |
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corona radiata |
cumulous cell layer directly surrounding the oocyte after thickening |
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HCG |
human chorionic gonadotropin similar to LH produced by embryo maintain corpus luteum for secretion of progesterone in early months of pregnancy |
