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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
2 shunts in embryo heart
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Ductis arteriosus + foramen ovale
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Where do cardia precursor cells come from
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Epiblast, implant in splanchnic mesoderm
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Where do blood islands located
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Yolk sac
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what suspends heart agains back wall of embryo
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Dorsal mesentery
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What holds heart in place
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Serous tissue
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3 layers of heart tube
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Epicardium
Myocardium Endocardium |
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Where do layers of heart tube derive from
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Epiblast then mesoderm
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Name parts of cardiac tube
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Bulbus cordis
Primitive ventricle Primitive right atrium Sinus venosus |
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By what day does heart form loop
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Day 21
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Where do paired heart tubes form
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Cephalic region
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What does truncus arteriosus become in adult
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Proximal aorta and proximal pulmonary artery
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What does bulbus cordis become in adult
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smooth parts of right ventricle (conus arteriosus) and left ventricle
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What does primitive ventricle become in adult
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Right and left ventricles
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What does primitive atrium become in adult
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Right and left atria
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What does sinus venosus become in adult
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smooth part of right atrium, coronary sinus and oblique vein
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Most common defect of atrial septal defect
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Patent foramen ovale
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Foramen ovale
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Communication between right and left atria that is formed by walls of sepum primum and septum secundum
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What does foramen ovale do
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Allows blood to pass from venous to arterial side without going to lungs
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Dextrocardia
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Heart is located on the right side, isolated misplaced heart often accompanied by other anomalies.
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Name of anomaly when all of organs are transposed
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Situs inversus
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Situs inversus is usually accompanied by
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Kartageners syndrome - immotile cilia caused by defect in dynein arms results in lung disease and male sterility
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When does ductus arteriosus close
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First days of life
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Veins from which sinus venosus receive blood
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Vitelline - drain guts
Umbilical Cardinal - drain body wall |
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When does great venous shift from left to right occur
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5th week of gestation
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Name two types of endocardial cushions
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-Between bulbus cordis and truncus - from neural crest and serve to partition truncus
Between atria and ventricle - from splanchnic mesoderm amd partition atria, ventricles and AV canals |
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Primitive ventricle forms...
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Left ventricle
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Bulbus cordis forms
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Truncus cordis + right ventricle
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Truncus arteriosus
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Aorta + pulmonary artery
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What day does the heart start to beat
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Day 22
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What day does conducting system appear
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Day 25
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Describe atrial septal defects
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Can involve persistent osteum secundum or common atrium (no septum)
Also can be defect in endocardial cushions or involving sinus venosum Probe patency - very common - 10-15% |
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Describe ventricular septal defects
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Typically involve membranous portion of septum
Clinical consequences depend on size of defect Large defect can cause left to right shunting of blood Small defects may close spontaneously |
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Transposition of great vessels
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Septum that normally divides aorta and pulmonary trunk spirals in opposite direction
So- -Aorta delivers blood from RA -Results in cyanotic heart disease -Normally seen with other defects -If no surgery, will live only few months |
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Pulmonary atresia
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pulmonary trunk has no lumen, blood flow depends on paten ductus arteriosus
Usually requires heart lung transplant |
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Aortic atresia
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Fusion of aortic valve
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Tetralogy of Fallot results from
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inadequate neural crest
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Tetralogy of Fallot consists from
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Pulmonary Stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy Overriding aorta Ventricular septal defect |
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All arteries, veins, lymph channels come from
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MESODERM
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Extraembryonic vessels come initially from
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Yolk sac
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Blood cells come from
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Yolk sac - liver- spleen, thymus, bone marrow
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When do pharyngeal arches form
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4th-5th weeks
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Arches I and II supply
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head and neck
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Arch 3 forms
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Common carotid + internal carotid artery
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Arch 4 forms
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right subclavian artery + left aortic arch
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Arch 6 forms
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right pulmonary artery + left ductus arteriosus
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Vitelline arteries include
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Celiac
Superior mesenteric Inferior mesenteric All supply gut |
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Branches from aorta
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Intercostal
Middle suprarenal Renal Gonadal |
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Umbilical arteries come from
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Aorta splits into right and left common iliac arteries.
Right common iliac artery splits into external and internal iliac arteries. Internal iliac gives rise to rght and left umbilical arteries |
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Which veins form hepatic portal system
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Vitelline veins
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Only one umbilical vein is left - is it right or left
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Left
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What does left umbilical vein form after birth
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Ligamentum teres hepatis
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What does ductus venosum form after birth
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Ligamentum venosum
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Name initial 4 cardinal veins
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Right and left anterior cardinal veins
Right and left posterior cardinal veins |
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Which cardinal veins form during 5th, 6th and 7th weeks
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Subcardinal - drain kidneys
Sacrocardinal - drain lower extremities Supracardinal - drain body wall |
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What defect do you get if supracardinal vein persists
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Double inferior vena cava
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When do lymphatic vessels start to form
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Week 6 from mesoderm
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Name lymph sacs in embryo
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2 jugular lymph sacs
2 iliac lymph sacs 1 retroperitoneaL Cisterna chyli - unpaired sac forms near junction of lumbr lymph trunks |
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Lymphocytes derive from
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Stem cells in yolk sac
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Two parts of lateral mesoderm
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Splanchnic and somatic
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Cleft sternum
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Ventral body wall defect, results from lack of fusion of sternum
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Ectopis cordis
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Heart protrudes through sternal defect and lies outside of body
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What forms parietal layer of serous membranes
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Somatic mesoderm
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What forms visceral layer of serous membrane
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Splanchnic mesoderm
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Visceral and parietal layers are continuous with each other as..
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Dorsal mesentery
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Pericardioperitoneal canals
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Large openings at each side of foregut
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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is caused by
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failure of pleuroperitoneal membranes to close pericardioperitoneal canals
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