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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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gene
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unit of DNA which codes for a protein
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codon
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3 nucleotides on mRNA (anticodon on tRNA and codin on DNA)
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muton
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recon: one nucleotide
exon: coding intron: noncoding |
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heterochromatin
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tightly coiled; condensed; cannot be read
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euchromatin
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looselt coiled; extended; transcriptionally active
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hyperchromatin
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very condensed
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pyknotic
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absolutely condensed; cell is dying
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cistron
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a functional unit
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metacentric
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centromere exactly in the center
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submetacentric
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centromere slightly off center
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acrocentric
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centromere off to one extreme
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karyotype
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what chromosomes you have
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haploid
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1 chromosome or single-stranded (1n)
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diploid
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2 chromosomes (2n)
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chromosome aberration
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too many or too few chromosomes, but they are normal; 7.5% of all conceptions; 0.6% of live births; make up 60% of early spontaneous abortions; causes include increased maternal age, viruses, and others
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numerical abberations
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somatic cells contain an abnormal number of normal chromosomes
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euploidy
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the normal compliment
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aneuploidy/heteroploidy
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not an exact multiple of the normal karyotype; usually nondisjunction at anaphase
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nondisjunction
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abnormal distribution during division; can happen during meiosis or mitosis
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monosomy
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missing a "copy"; virtually nonviable; may not mean the entire chromosome; example: Turner's Syndrome: 1 X
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trisomy
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an extra "copy"; rarely survive with most trisomy situations; trisomy 21: Down's Syndrome
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polyploidy
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an exact multiple of the haploid number which exceeds the diploid number
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