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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Embryo development
wk1 wk2 wk3 wk3-8 wk4 wk10 |
Wk1: blastocyst implantation
Wk2: bilaminar disk within wk3: gastrulation, notochord and neural plate begin to form Wk3-8: organogenesis, neural tube is formed, extremely succeptible to teratogens wk4: heart begins to beat, primitive limb buds wk10: male and female genitalia |
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2nd wk
rule of 2s |
2 germ layers -bilaminar disk - epiblast and hypoblast:
epiblast- (primitive ectoderm) invaginates to form primitive streak - which gives rise to intraembryonic mesoderm and endoderm 2 cavities: yolk sac, amniotic cavity 2 components to placenta: syntiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast |
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3rd wk
rule of 3 |
3 germ layers (grastrula)
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm |
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Ectoderm
adenohypophysis, sensory epith, neurohypophysis, schwann cells, odontoblasts, pineal gland, epnedymal cells, astrocytes cns neurons, adrenal medulla, pia arachnoid, celiac ganglion C cells of thyroid, |
Surface: adenohypophysis, lens of eye, sensory epithelium,
Neuroectoderm: neurohypophysis, CNS neurons, astrocytes, oligos, astrocytes, pineal gland, ependymal cells Neural crest: schwann cells, cranial nerves, adrenal medulla, ANS, celiac ganglion, pia arachnoid, thyroid cartilage and bones of skull, odontoblasts |
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Mesoderm, endoderm
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mesoderm: dura mater, CT< muscle bone, cardiovasc stx, lymph, blood, UG stx, serous linings of body cavities (peritoneum), spleen, adrenal cortex, kids
endoderm: gut tube epith and derivatives (liver, lungs, pancr, thymus, parathyroid gland, thyroid follicular cells) |
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Teratogens
ACEi Cocaine Iodide 13 cis retinoic acid tobacco warfarin/ Xray |
ACEi: kidney damage
Cocaine: abnl fetal development, addiction Iodide: hypothyroid, congenital goiter 13 cis retinoic acid: high risk for birth defects tobacco: preterm labor, ADD, placental prob warfarin/ Xray: multitudes |
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Twins
Monozygotic Dizygotic |
monozygote: 1 placenta, 1 chorion, 2 amniotic sacs -
dizygotic (fraternal): 2 of everything - monozyotic: 2 of everything - possible fused placenta |
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Umbilical cord
1 umbilical art |
2 umbilical arteries - to take away deoxygenated blood from fetus from the fetal internal iliacs
1 umbilical vein - supplies oxygenated blood to fetus 1 umb art: congenital and Cr anomalies |
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Allantoic duct fx
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to remove nitrogenous waste from fetal bladder
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Truncus arteriosis
Bulbus Cordis Primitive ventricle primitive atria Left horn of sinus venosis Right horn of sinus venosis Rt common cardinal vein and rt ant comon card vein |
Truncus arteriosus: aorta and pulm artery
Bulbus Cordis: smooth part of LV+RV Primitive ventricle: trabeculated LV and RV Primitive atria: trabeculated RA and LA Lt horn of sinus venosis: coronary sinus Rt horn of sinus venosis: smooth part of RA Rt common cardina vein +rt ant common card vein: SVC |
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HbA
HbA2 HbF |
HbA: 2alpha, 2beta
HbA2: 2alpha, 2 delta - 2.5% HbF: 2alpha, 2 gamma |
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Fetal erythropoiesis
(4) |
1. Yolk Sac: 3-8 wk
2. Liver: 6-30wks 3. Spleen: 9-28wks 4. Marrow: 28wks on |
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Fetal circ
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1. Placenta to umbilical vein to portal vein to Ductus venosus to IVC
2. RA + RV to Foramen ovale (mostly) to LA + LV to aorta (to head) OR 3. SVC with deoxy blood to RA+RV to Pulm artery to ductus venosus to legs 4. Descending aorta or Ductus arteriosus 5. Internal iliacs to umbilical arteries to placenta |
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PDA closure
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incr in O2 from lungs leads to decr PG leading to closure of Ductus arteriosus
can also give indomethacin |
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Fetal postnatal derivatives
Umbilical vein Umbilical Art Ductus Arteriosus/venosus Allantois/urachus |
1. Umb vein: ligamentum teres hepatis
2. Umb art: medial umb ligaments 3. Ligamentum arteriosus/venosus 4. Allantois/urachus: median ligament |
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Aortic Arch derivatives
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th |
1st: maxillary art
2nd: stapeidal art + hyoid art 3rd: common carotid + proximal int carotid 4th: Rt-subclavian art, Lt-aortic arch 6th: pulm art, ductus arteriosis |
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Derivation
Brachial: cleft, arch, pouch |
Cleft: ectoderm
arch: mesoderm, neural crest pouch: endoderm |
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Brachial arches
1,2,3,4,6 |
1st - V2 + V3, Meckels cartilage: mandible, MALLEUS, INCUS, sphenomandibular lig, muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, ant belly digastric, tensor tympani, TENSOR VELI PALATINI, ant 2/3 of tongue
2nd - VII - Reicherts cartilage: stapes, styloid process, stapedius, lesser horn of hyoid, stylohyoid lig, post belly of digastric 3rd - IX - stylopharyngeus, greater horn of hyoid 4th: X (sup laryngeal) most pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini 6th: X (recurrent laryngeal), all intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid 4th+6th: cartilages - thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate, cuneiform |
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Tongue development
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Anterior 2/3: forms from 1st arch, taste -7 + sensation V3
Post 1/3: forms from 3rd and 4th arches, taste 9, sensation 9, except extreme posterior is 10 Taste - solitary nucleus 7,9,10 Pain - V3, 9, 10 |
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Brachial cyst
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persistant 2-4th brachial cleft
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1st brachial cleft
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develops into external auditory meatus
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Ear development
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Malleus + Incus: 1st arch - tensor tympani V3
Stapes: 2nd arch, stapedius, 7 |
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Foramen cecum
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nl remnant of thyroglossal duct
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Most common site of ectopic thyroid tissue
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tongue
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Cleft lip
cleft palate |
Cleft lip - failure of fusion of 1' plate - maxillary and medial nasal procesus
Cleft (upper) palate: failure of 2' plate - lateral palatine process, nasal septum, median palatine process |
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Diaphragm
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1. septum transversum
2. pleuroperitoneal folds 3. dorsal mesentery of eosphagus 4. body wall |
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mesonephric duct
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wolffian duct: seminal vesicles, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens
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paramesonephric duct
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fallopian tube, uterus, part of vagina
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Origin of
pia dura arachnoid ependymal cells cranial nerves pineal |
Surface: adenohypophysis, lens of eye, sensory epithelium,
Neuroectoderm: neurohypophysis, CNS neurons, astrocytes, oligos, astrocytes, pineal gland, ependymal cells Neural crest: schwann cells, cranial nerves, adrenal medulla, ANS, celiac ganglion, pia arachnoid, thyroid cartilage and bones of skull, odontoblasts |
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Fetal quickening
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first mvmt at 8wks
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Metanephric duct
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same as uteric bud - develops into the calyces and ureter etc
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Primitive streak
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epiblast - leading to mesoderm and endoderm
Becomes the notocord which is made up of nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disk |
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most common cause of ASD
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incomplete fusion of septum primum and septum secundum
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derivation of the greater omentum
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dorsal mesogastrium
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what does the ventral mesentery become
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Falciform ligament, ligamentum teres, lesser omentum
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Maternal portion of the placenta
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mother produces the capillary bed that forms the
Lacunar network |
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Ostium secundum defect
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ASD
sx appear late in childhood or even in 3rd decade when symptomatic exercise intolerance is manifest. systolic ejection murmur - from the larger vol crossing the RV outflow tract into the pulm artery. wide fixed split of S2 bc of incr RV volume is incr bc of the size of the atrial shunt. |
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Septation of the atria
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Growth of the septum primum dnwd twd endocardial cushions
The orifice that remains is hte ostium primum. The endocardial cushions fuse with the septum septum primum, the ostium secundum. Then the septum secundum grow dnwd and 2gether with a flap of the ostrium primum forms the forament ovale. |
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VSD
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muscular IV septum develops in the floor of the ventricle and grows twd the endocardial cusions.
The membranous IV septum then forms by fusion of the right bulbar ridge, the left bulbar ridge and the endocardial cusions. Failure of complete closure at either step results in muscular or membranous VSD, respectively. |
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ostrium secundum
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nl forms within the septum primum b4 the ostium primum closes by fusion of the septum primum with the endocardial cushions. Failure of the ostium secundum to form would lead to embryonic death bc there would be no pathway for blood to pass form RA to LA when teh ostium primum closes thus depriving the embryo of oxygenated blood.
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Septum primum
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most it nl disappears
the part that remains forms the valve forament ovale. This part of the septum primum nl does not fuse with the septum secundum during prenatal life. At birth the valve of the forament ovale is pushed against the septum secundum as a result of incr press. Fusion does not nl occur at this time but usually occurs later in life. |
