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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What enzyme from the sperm cap helps the sperm penetrate the corona radiata?
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hyaluronidase
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capacitation
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The removal of the sperm's glycocalyx to "soften" the sperm membrane; increases permeability to Ca2+ ions, which induces hypermotility and allows sperm to penetrate.
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Site of fertilization in the oviduct.
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ampulla
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ovum (time period)
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time of fertilization until end of the 2nd week
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embryo (time period)
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end of the 2nd week until the end of the 8th week
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fetus (time period)
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end of the 8th week until birth
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conceptus
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the ovum/embryo/fetus and all its accessories, at any stage of development. Includes membranes, yolk, amniotic fluid, placenta, etc.
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Difference between DAY 1; embryology vs. obstetrics
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In embryology, occurs at fertilization; in OB, it is last day of menstrual cycle. Roughly 2 weeks apart.
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Ovum is surrounded by 2 layers of supporting cells; the inner is ...
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corona radiata
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Ovum is surrounded by 2 layers of supporting cells; the outer is ...
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cumulus oophorus
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The process of the ovum leaving the ovary
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ovulation
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When an ovum leaves the ovary, it is at what stage of cell growth/division?
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Arrested at metaphase of meiosis II
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Enzyme-filled cap covering the head of the sperm
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acrosome
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What mechanism in the vagina helps sperm reach the egg?
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peristalsis; they aren't strong enough to swim on their own
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The "sugar coating" on the sperm head.
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glycocalyx
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Sperm are viable for ...
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24-48 hours
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Eggs are viable for ...
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12-24 hours
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What structure also provides enzymes to help the sperm enter?
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the wall of the oviduct
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What does the tail of the sperm do to help it enter the zona pellucida?
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Changes from wagging motion to a circular corkscrew motion
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What is the zona reaction?
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When the zona pellucida becomes impermeable to other sperm, encasing the ovum and successful sperm body.
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Although still in the period of the ovum, when an ovum contains both male and female DNA it is called a ...
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zygote
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cleavage
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a series of mitotic divisions without intervening growth stages; keeps dividing, but doesn't grow in size.
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Term for ovum, day 3
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morula
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The term "morula" comes from ...
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mulberry, a large raspberry type fruit
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What is the ovum called at day 4?
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blastocyst
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Unlike the morula, the blastocyst contains ...
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fluid; blastocoel (fluid-filled cavity)
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The fluid-filled cavity in the blastocyst is called ...
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blastocoel
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Surface ring extending around blastocyst
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trophoblast
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Stems cells originate from the ... in the blastocyst.
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inner cell mass
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On what day does the blastocyst attach to the uterus?
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day 6, after hanging out in the uterus for a few days
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When we speak of "hatching the egg" in humans, what process does this refer to, and when does it take place?
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On day 6, when the blastocyst penetrates the zona pellucida to attach to the uterine wall.
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Area where blastocyst extends processes into the uterine wall
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syncitiotrophoblast
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Starting on day 7, where does the conceptus get its nourishment?
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From the endometrium, after penetrating the zona pellucida and attaching itself.
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Another name for the cells lining the uterine wall is ...
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endometrium
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The trophoblast differentiates into two layers; the cytotrophoblast and the ...
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syncytiotrophoblast
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The trophoblast differentiates into two layers; the ... and the syncytiotrophoblast.
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cytotrophoblast
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What is the purpose of the syncytiotrophoblast cells?
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To invade the uterine wall and create the connection that will later form the placenta.
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Decidual reaction adds a plethora of ... to the cells.
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glycogen
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By day 12, lacunae develop; what is their purpose?
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to link circulation with the momma
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What do the blood vessels in lacunae supply?
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the extraembryonic tissues only - NOT the embryo
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The implantation process takes place between days ... and ...
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6 and 12
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Placenta praevia
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Placenta grows between the baby and its exit; in birth, the "placenta comes first"
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ectopic pregnancy
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implantation in the wrong spot (not necesssarily tubes); tubes, intestine, cervix, etc
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Contents of the amniotic cavity
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amnion
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bilaminar (definition)
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two layers
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interchangeable term for visceral mesoderm
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splanchnic mesoderm
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mesoderm lining the outer wall or body wall
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parietal mesoderm
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The acrosome is a modified ...
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Golgi apparatus
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Difference between acrosome reaction and zona reaction.
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Acrosome reaction is when the acrosome penetrates the zona pellucida; zona reaction is the hardening of the zona pellucida to prevent further sperm entry.
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At what point does the ovum complete meiosis II?
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When the sperm nucleus is completely inside the ovum.
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At what point is the sex of the baby determined?
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Day one, when the sperm and ovum pronuclei fuse to form a single diploid cell.
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When is the ovum officially considered a zygote?
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When it has a complete set of DNA (diploid), Day 1 - Day 2
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How many cells does it have in the morula stage?
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12-15
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At the start of the blastocyst stage, what does the conceptus consist of?
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Trophoblast (outer layer) and an inner cell mass, with a cavity forming called the blastocoel.
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What is the conceptus called when it enters the uterus?
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blastocyst, on Day 4
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Hatching
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Zona pellucida is finally disrupted, conceptus escapes
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purpose of syncytiotrophoblast
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merges with endometrial epithelium to allow transfer of nutrients from mother to conceptus
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What is the name of the inner layer of the trophoblast?
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cytotrophoblast
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