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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
meiosis
reductional division
-eukayotes
-dip useful for backup copy of genes in mutation occurs
meiosis 1
-reduction
- 2n-n
-separate homo pairs
meiosis 2
divides remaining set of chromosomes
-division
-separate 2 chromatids
prophase 1
-chromatid threads twist and condense (visible)
-chromo searches for homo chromo
-chiasma
-sometimes crossing over
chiasma
point where 2 non sister chromos intertwine
crossing over
2 non sister chromatids exchange genetic material
leptonema
-chromos condense
-homo pair searching
zygonema
-homo pairs find e/o- "rough pairing"
-synaptonemal complex
synaptonemal complex
lateral elements that form bw 2 homo pairs during zygonema of prophase 1
pachynema
-coiling and shortening continues as chromos become more condense
-synapsis forms forming tetrad
diplonema
-sister chromatids begin to separate
-crossing over occurs (actually occurs in pachynema)
-chiasmata becomes visible
crossing over process
-Homologues break at identical locations, then rejoin opposite partners.
-new combinations of the alleles on each chromosome.
-Occurs randomly several times on every chromosome.
-Results in mixing of the genes you inherited from your parents
Diakinesis
-chromosomes continue to pull apart, but non-sister chromatids are still loosely associated via the chiasma.
-terminalization.
-the nuclear envelope breaks down and the spindle fibers begin to interact with the tetrad.
terminalization.
-The chiasma begin to move toward the ends of the tetrad as separation continues.
synapsis
-forms tetrad
-aligns homologs
-shortens chromos
metaphase 1
-pairing and separating of homo "C"
-tetrads align at metaphase plate
-centromere of homo "C" oriented toward opp cell plates
anaphase 1
-the pairs of homologues ‘C’ are pulled to opposite poles by the spindle.
-centromeres don't divide
telophase 1
-each pole has hap # of "C"
-cytokinesis
-2 daughter cells formed (half the number of "C" as original parent)
prophase 2
-nuclear mem and nuclei break up
-spindle network appears and chromos begin to migrate
meta 2
-"C" line up at equatorial plate
-kinetochore of sister chromatids point toward opp poles
anaphase 2
sis chromatids sep
telophase 2
distinct nuclei at opposite poles and cytokinesis
deletion
-consequences depend on size of missing segments and which genes are found on it
-cri du chat syndrome
cri du chat syndrome
partial deletion on short arm p of chromo 5
Duplication
-partial trisomy
-3 copies of genes= extra directions
-congential abormalities or developmental problems
partial trisomy
doubling of a chromosome
inversion
-"C" pieces broken out, reversed and inserted again
-phenotype=unobstructive
-pericentric inversion or else paracentric inversion
pericentric inversion
when interchanged region includes centromere
insertion
-"C"pieces reinseted somewhere else
-carriers= phenotypically inconspicuous because no info lost
Reciprocal Translocation
-2 broken off "C" pieces of non- homo "C" are exchanged- frequent anomaly
-frequently balanced because entire genetic material is present
- probs in gamete formation