Embryo Gi Foregut

Front 1

Mucosal epithelium and glands are derived from

Back 1

Endoderm

Front 2

Rest of GI derived from

Back 2

Mesoderm

Front 3

Type of epithelium found in the esophagus

Back 3

Strat. Squamous

Front 4

Esophageal atresia occurs when esophagus deviates too far

Back 4

Dorsally

Front 5

Congenital defects associated with esophageal atresia

Back 5

VATER (Vertebral, Anal, Tracheo-Esophageal fistula, Renal VACTERL (VATER + Cardio, upper Limb)

Front 6

Clinical sign of esophageal atresia

Back 6

Polyhydramnios

Front 7

Esophageal stenosis usually involves what part of esophagus

Back 7

Mid-esophagus

Front 8

Eso. Stenosis caused by what 3 things

Back 8

Hypertrophy of submucosal/muscularis externa, remnant of tracheal cartilaginous ring within wall of esophagus, membranous diaphragm obstructing lumen

Front 9

Eso. Duplication is due to

Back 9

Cyst usually in the lower esophagus

Front 10

Vascular compression of the esophagus is caused by what vessel

Back 10

Right subclavian artery

Front 11

Clinical sign of vascular compression of esophagus

Back 11

Dysphagia

Front 12

Achalasia is due to loss of ganglion cells where

Back 12

Myenteric (Auerbach) plexus

Front 13

Signs of Achalasia

Back 13

Failure to relax LES, progressive dysphagia

Front 14

Stomach begins to form in what week

Back 14

4

Front 15

Which part of the stomach grows faster

Back 15

Dorsal

Front 16

Stomach rotates 90 degrees in what direction

Back 16

Clockwise around Longitudinal Axis

Front 17

During rotation the Dorsal mesentery forms

Back 17

Greater Omentum

Front 18

Ventral Stomach innervation

Back 18

L Vagus n.

Front 19

Dorsal Stomach Innervation

Back 19

R Vagus n.

Front 20

Cells in the gastric glands (parietal cells, chief cells, enteroendocrine cells) are derived from

Back 20

Endoderm

Front 21

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis occurs when…

Back 21

Pyloric Muscularis externa hypertrophies

Front 22

Clinical signs of HPS

Back 22

Projectile, Non-Bilius Vomiting after feeding, small palpable mass at R costal margin

Front 23

What drug is associated with increased HPS

Back 23

Erythromycin

Front 24

Hepatic Diverticulum formed from

Back 24

Endoderm of Foregut

Front 25

Hepatic development is induced by FGF's (1,2, and 8) released from

Back 25

Cardiac Mesoderm

Front 26

3 other transcription factors involved in liver formation

Back 26

HNF-3B, GATA-4, homeobox Hex

Front 27

HNF-3B and GATA-4 bind to

Back 27

Albumin gene promotor

Front 28

Diaphragm is formed from

Back 28

Mesoderm of Septum Transversum

Front 29

Grow into septum transversum

Back 29

Hepatic Cords

Front 30

Factors involved in hepatic cord-septum transversum interaction

Back 30

H1x, HGH, SEK1/MKK4

Front 31

Hepatic cords arranged around

Back 31

Vitelline vv., Umbilical vv.

Front 32

Vitelline vv., Umbilical vv. form

Back 32

Hepatic Sinusoids

Front 33

Ventral Mesentery consists of

Back 33

Falciform Ligament and Lesser Omentum

Front 34

Falciform ligament contains

Back 34

Left Umbilical v.

Front 35

Left Umbilical v. regresses to form the

Back 35

Ligamentum Teres

Front 36

Two ligaments making up the lesser omentum

Back 36

Hepatogastric and Hepatoduodenal

Front 37

Hepatoduodenal Ligament contains

Back 37

Bile Duct, Portal Vein, Hepatic Artery (portal triad)

Front 38

Hepatocytes derived from

Back 38

Endoderm

Front 39

Lining of biliary tree derived from

Back 39

Endoderm

Front 40

Kupffer cells derived from

Back 40

Mesoderm

Front 41

Sinusoidal Epithelium derived from

Back 41

Mesoderm

Front 42

Bile duct froms from narrowing of space between

Back 42

Hepatic diverticulum and Foregut

Front 43

Gallbladder and cystic duct form from an outgrowth of the

Back 43

Bile Duct

Front 44

Cystic Duct divides bile duct into

Back 44

Common hepatic and Common Bile

Front 45

Gallbladder lined by

Back 45

Simple Columnar Epi.

Front 46

Gallbladder/Duct Epi derived from

Back 46

Endoderm

Front 47

How does intrahepatic gallbladder develop

Back 47

When the rudimentary GB advances beyond the hepatic diverticulum and is embedded in the liver

Front 48

When does floating GB occur

Back 48

When GB lags behind hepatic diverticulum and is suspended from liver by a mesentery

Front 49

Floating GB is at risk for

Back 49

Torsion

Front 50

Biliary Atresia occurs due to

Back 50

Fibrotic tissue replacing Ducts due to Inflammation

Front 51

Sx of Biliary Atresia

Back 51

Progressive neonatal jaundice, white clay colored stool, dark urine

Front 52

Dorsal pancreatic bud is derived from

Back 52

Foregut Endoderm

Front 53

Dorsal Pancreatic bud is induced by the

Back 53

Notochord

Front 54

Ventral Pancreatic Bud is an outgrowth of

Back 54

Foregut Endoderm

Front 55

Ventral Pancreatic Bud is induced by the

Back 55

Hepatic Mesoderm

Front 56

Factors involved in pancreas induction

Back 56

Pdx-1, ISL-1

Front 57

Order of pancreas cell formation from 1st to last

Back 57

Alpha, Beta, Delta, PP

Front 58

Ventral bud forms what structures

Back 58

Uncinate process, part of Head of pancreas, Main Pancreatic Duct (USMLE World)

Front 59

Dorsal Bud forms what structures

Back 59

rest of Head, Body, Tail

Front 60

How is the main pancreatic duct formed

Back 60

Anastomosis of distal 2/3rds of dorsal pancreatic duct and the entire ventral pancreatic duct

Front 61

What is the single opening formed from the main pancreatic duct and the common bile duct

Back 61

Ampulla of Vater

Front 62

Where is the ampulla of vater

Back 62

Tip of the Hepatopancreatic Papilla in the duodenum

Front 63

Develops when proximal 1/3rd of dorsal pancreatic duct persists and opens into duodenum through minor papilla

Back 63

Accessory pancreatic duct

Front 64

Occurs when distal 2/3rds of dorsal pancreatic duct and ventral pancreatic duct fail to anastomose

Back 64

Pancreas Divisum

Front 65

In pancreas divisum, which duct opens into the Major Papilla

Back 65

Ventral

Front 66

Pt's with pancreas divisum are prone to

Back 66

Pancreatitis

Front 67

Occurs when ventral pancreatic bud fuses with the dorsal bud both dorsally and ventrally forming a ring of pancreatic tissue

Back 67

Annular Pancreas

Front 68

Annular Pancreas is due to

Back 68

Failed migration of ventral pancreatic bud (USMLE World)

Front 69

Effect of annular pancreas on duodenum

Back 69

Duodenal Obstruction

Front 70

Sx of Annular Pancreas

Back 70

neonatal intolerance of oral feeding, bilious vomiting, Double-Bubble sign on XR

Front 71

Occurs when fetal islets are exposed to high glucose levels (diabetic mothers)

Back 71

Hyperplasia of Islets

Front 72

Sx of Islet Hyperplasia

Back 72

Inc birth weight (macrosomia), Postnatal Hypoglycemia

Front 73

Describe the "Peritoneal-ality" of the Pancreas

Back 73

The tail of the pancreas is secondarily retroperitoneal. (USMLE world says that the tail is peritoneal and the head, neck, and body are retroperitoneal)

Front 74

"Apple Peel" Atresia is caused by

Back 74

SMA Obstruction

Front 75

What organ is NOT a foregut derivative, but IS supplied by the celiac trunk

Back 75

Spleen