Embryo Final

Front 1

what makes up the chordamesoderm field

Back 1

notochord and paraxial mesoderm

Front 2

what do notochord induce

Back 2

neural plate (neuralectoderm)

Front 3

what does neural plate give rise to

Back 3

neural grooves and folds

Front 4

the ______ unite to form the neural tube

Back 4

neural folds

Front 5

which closes first the rostral or caudal neural tube

Back 5

rostral

Front 6

what does the wall of the neural tube produce

Back 6

neural and glial elements of CNS

Front 7

what does the neural canal become

Back 7

central canal and ventricular system

Front 8

what is excluded from the neural tube

Back 8

neural crest

Front 9

what does the ______epithelium do in the neural tube prior to closure?

Back 9

pseudostratified, expands

Front 10

what does the pseudostratified epithelium of the neural tube do after tube closure

Back 10

gives rise to blast cells

Front 11

what zone produces blast cells

Back 11

Ependymal (ventricular) zone

Front 12

what does the ependymal (ventricular) zone line

Back 12

neural canal

Front 13

blast cells accumulate peripheral to ependymal zone to from _______ layer

Back 13

mantle

Front 14

what does the mantle layer give rise to

Back 14

cellular elements of CNS- where blast cells differentiate

Front 15

what to neuroblasts become

Back 15

motor neurons (somatic and visceral), interneurons

Front 16

what do gliablasts become

Back 16

fibrous and protoplasmic astrocytes, oligodendroglia,

Front 17

purpouse of astrocytes

Back 17

BBB

Front 18

purpose of olgiodendroglia

Back 18

produce CNS myelin

Front 19

what are microglia from and what do they invade

Back 19

mesenchyme, invade with vessels

Front 20

what are the fiber (axon) tracts in the marginal layer derived from

Back 20

neuroblasts of mantle layer

Front 21

what happens to ependymal zone after proliferation of blasts ceases

Back 21

become adult ependyma- epithelium that lines ventriuclar system and ventricular canal

Front 22

what does neural crest give rise to?

Back 22

PNS-related derivitives (spinal ganglia, autonomic ganglia, Schwann cells etc.)

Front 23

what myelinates in CNS

Back 23

oligodendroglia

Front 24

where does the spinal cord begin

Back 24

cervical region

Front 25

when does spinal cord get some sensory columns

Back 25

mid-fetal life

Front 26

when does spinal get motor columns

Back 26

begin near term go to 1st postnatal year

Front 27

when does brain develop

Back 27

from mid-fetal life to adolescence

Front 28

what lines the neural (central) canal

Back 28

ependyma

Front 29

where is the roof plate in the SC

Back 29

dorsal midline

Front 30

where is the floor plate in the SC

Back 30

ventral midline

Front 31

the sulcus limitans it eh groove in the ______ wall of the _______ _____

Back 31

lateral, neural canal

Front 32

what happens to the alar plates in the mantle layer

Back 32

become dorsal gray columns

Front 33

what happens to the basal plates in the mantle layer

Back 33

become ventral gray columns

Front 34

what do the ventral gray columns include

Back 34

somatic motor neurons, visceral motor neurons (preganglionic autonomics)

Front 35

3 functional aspects of the dorsal gray columns

Back 35

internuncials, commissurals, tract fibers

Front 36

what is a neuron with an axon from alar to basal plate, in the simple reflex arch

Back 36

internuncial

Front 37

where do the commissural neurons run

Back 37

from alar to contralateral basal plate-across midline

Front 38

where do tract fibers run

Back 38

ascending/descending in marginal layer- normall ascends b/c sensory going to brain, goes in white matter b4 ascends

Front 39

what are the 2 types of spinal nerve afferents that terminate on alar plate

Back 39

somatic afferents (GSA) and visceral afferents (GVA)

Front 40

what are the 2 types of spinal nerve efferents derived from basal plate

Back 40

somatic efferents ((G)SE), Visceral efferents (GVE)-T1-L2, Sympathetic, S2-4 Parasympatethic

Front 41

spinal nerves are composites of fibers assoc w/ up to how many nuclei

Back 41

4

Front 42

GVE=

Back 42

autonomic

Front 43

what are the 3 primary vesicles

Back 43

procesncephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

Front 44

what are the secondary vesicles from the procesncephalon

Back 44

telenchephalon, diencephalon

Front 45

what does the telencephalon become and what is its lumen

Back 45

cerebrum, lateral ventricles

Front 46

what is the ventricle of the diencephalon

Back 46

3rd ventricle

Front 47

what does the mesencephalon become and what is its lumen

Back 47

cerebral aqueduct

Front 48

what are the secondary vesicles of the rhombencephalon

Back 48

metencephalon and myelencephalon

Front 49

what does the metencephalon become and what is its lumen

Back 49

pons/cerebellum, 4th ventricle

Front 50

what does the myelencephalon become and what is its lumen

Back 50

medulla, 4th ventricle

Front 51

where is the mesencephalic flexure and what is it related to

Back 51

ventral, mesencephalon

Front 52

where is the cervical flexure and what is it related to

Back 52

ventral, jxn between myelencephalon and cervical cord

Front 53

where is the pontine flexure

Back 53

dorsal, jxn between metencephalon and myelencephalon

Front 54

what is the lamina terminalis

Back 54

closure of the rostral neuropore

Front 55

where does the sulcus limitans end

Back 55

at mesencephalon

Front 56

what forms sensory nuclei of cranial nerves

Back 56

alar plate

Front 57

what froms motor nuclei of cranial neres

Back 57

basal plate

Front 58

how are relay nuclei formed

Back 58

migration of neurons

Front 59

what are the 4 basic functional components of cranial nerves

Back 59

GSA (general sensation-ectoderm), GVA (general sensation-endoderm), (G)SE (motor n to skeletal m), GVE (cranial part of parasympatethics

Front 60

what are the special sense afferent components of the cranial nerves

Back 60

SSA (sight & sound), SVA (olfaction and taste)

Front 61

What is the cranial nerve components that is not one of the 4 basics oran afferent special sense

Back 61

SVE- branchial arch musculature

Front 62

what is formed from the alar plate in the myelencephalon

Back 62

inferior olivery nucleus

Front 63

what nuclei are formed in the myelencephalon and metencephalon

Back 63

cranial n. nuclei

Front 64

what is formed from the alar plate in the pons of the metencephalon

Back 64

pontine nuclei

Front 65

what does alar plate migration form in the cerebellum of the metencephalon

Back 65

rhombic lips, deep cerebellar nuclei, cortex

Front 66

what do rhombic lips give rise to

Back 66

cerebellar plate

Front 67

what does the alar plate form in the mesencephalon

Back 67

tectal nuclei

Front 68

what does the basal plate form in the mesencephal

Back 68

red nucleu and substantia nigra

Front 69

what contains the interventricular foramen, lamina terminalis and optic chiasm

Back 69

diencephalon

Front 70

what does the mantle layer give rise to in the diencephalon

Back 70

epithalamus (habenula, pineal), thalamus, hypothalamus, mammillary bodies, infundibulum

Front 71

Telencephalon contains ____- hemispheres, _____ ventricles, _____ lobes and _____ horns of lateral ventricles

Back 71

cerebral, lateral,a temporal, inferior

Front 72

mantle layer migration in telencephalon gives rise to what

Back 72

cortex

Front 73

mantle layer of telencephalon gives rise to what

Back 73

corpus striatum (telencephalic nuclei)

Front 74

corpus striatum growth parallels C-shape growth of ________

Back 74

telencephalon

Front 75

what do the fibers that divide the corpus striatum form

Back 75

the internal capsule

Front 76

what does the internal capsule unite and when

Back 76

walls of telencephalon and diencephalon (midfetal life)

Front 77

the lamina terminalis is related to what commissure

Back 77

anterior commussure

Front 78

the corpus callosum (related to lamina terminalis) has _____ fibers that parrallel what

Back 78

commissural fibers, C-shape growth of telencephalon

Front 79

what does the pachymeninx form

Back 79

dura mater, dural venous sinuses

Front 80

what do leptomeninges form

Back 80

pia, arachnoid, subarachnoid space

Front 81

where is the lumbar cistern

Back 81

vertebral level at which spinal cord ends rises as vertebrae and meninges grow

Front 82

the lumbar cistern is an area of _____ space related to lower nerve roots below the level of the cord

Back 82

subarachnoid

Front 83

what is tela choroidea

Back 83

vascular pia + ependyma

Front 84

what does tela choroidea give rise to and what does that produce

Back 84

choroid plexus, CSF

Front 85

choroid plexus of 3rd ventricle is made from the roof plate of the_______

Back 85

diencephalon

Front 86

Telencephalon: the choroid plexus protrudes into the _______ of the ______ ventricles

Back 86

choroid fissures of the lateral ventricles

Front 87

where is the choroid plexus of the 4th ventricle

Back 87

roof plate

Front 88

what is purpose of foramina of Lushka and MAgendia

Back 88

circulation CSF from within CNS to subarachnoid space

Front 89

Arachnoid villi: arachnoid epithelium covered by ____ _____- projects into ____ _____ _____

Back 89

sinus endothelium, dural venous sinuses