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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the pathway of circulation in the embryonic heart?
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sinus venosus
primitive atria atrioventricular sulcus ventricle bulbus cordis truncus arteriosis aortic sac aortic arch dorsal aorta |
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what are the two foldings that put the heart in proper position and what do they do?
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longitudinal folding - puts heart in the ventral position
lateral folding joins two heart tubes |
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What is the mneumonic to remember the flow through the embryologic heart?
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sinus --> sulcus --> bulb --> trunk --> sac
(in increasing order) |
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what are the differences in the fetal heart vs adult heart in terms of the snus venarum and the atrum?
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fetus - atrium is larger
adult - smooth sinus venarum is larger |
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what does the sinus venosum become?
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coronary sinus and part of right atrium as smooth sinus venarum
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what are the four walls that divide the heart internally?
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1) seperate atria from ventricles
2) seperate right and left atria 3) seperate right and left ventricles 4) seperate aorta from pulmonary trunk |
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how do you seperate atrium from ventricles?
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endocardial cushions grow towards each other
they form atrioventricular canals on each side of the av septum |
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How does the atrial septum form?
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1) endocardial cushions grow towards av canal
2) septum foramen fuses with endocardial cushion 2) 2 flaps with foramen ovale between them 3) closes at birth when higher left side bp closes it |
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how does the intraventricular septum form?
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1)bulbus cordis/ventricle approach but do not fuse with endocardial cushions (membranous part)
-muscular part - original part that did not grow out |
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how do you form the aorticopulmonary septum?
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1)truncal ridges grow towards each other in a spiral
2) occurs at the same time as the IV septum forms |
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What are the atrial septal defects?
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1) patent foramen ovale
2) secondum abnormally short so it wont overlap and is always open |
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which way does blood move when there is a defect in the atria and ventricles?
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left to right
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What are the abnormalities of the great vessels?
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-persistant truncus arteriousus (that has not divided)
-transposition of great vessels - 2 circulations ovverriding aorta or pulmonary trunk -fallot - overrriding aorta, causes VSD, pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary hypertension |
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What is the fate of the 3rd aortic arch?
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carotids
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What is the fate of the fourth aortic arch?
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left - artch of the aorta
right - right subclavian |
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what is the fate of the 6th aortic arch?
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left - pulmonary artery and ductus arteriorsus
-right - proximal right pulmonary artery |
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what is the fate of the dorsal aorta?
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fuse below pharyngeal arches
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where do the other arteries of the body form from?
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segmental and intersegmental arteries from dorsal aorta
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what are the arterial abnormalities?
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patent ductus arteriosus
coarctation of aorta double aortic arch (trap stuff) |
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what is the most important part of the umbilical vein?
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left - ductus venosus from placenta to ivc
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what is the fate of the vitelline vein?
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left - mostly lost
right - heptaic, portal, sup mes |
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what is left by hind by left umbilical vein?
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ligamentum venosum and round ligament of the liver
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what forms the left brachiocephalic vein?
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anterior and common cardianl vein
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what is a venous anomaly?
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double SVC --> large coronary sinus
persitant vein draining left side |
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What are the four components of the pharyngeal arch?
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aortic arch
piece of cartilage muscle tissue cranial nerve |
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what is the innervation of pharyngeal arch 1?
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trigeminal
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What is the innervation of pharyngeal arch 2?
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facial
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what is the innervation of pharyngeal arch 3
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glossopharyngeal
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at is the innervation of pharyngeal arch 4?
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vagus, superior laryngeal
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what is the innervation of pharyngeal arch 6
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vagus, recurrent laryngela
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what do you call the invaginations between the pharyngeal arches externally? what lines them?
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pharyngeal grooves/clefts - ectoderm
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what do you call the invaginations between the pharyngeal arches interally? what lines them?
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pharyngeal pouches - endoderm
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what is the pharyngeal membrane formed by?
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the endoderm and ectoderm layers between each arch in kind of a hour glass shape
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what do the arches in PA 1 form?
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"merkels cartilage"
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what do the arches in PA 1 form drosally?
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middle ear ossicles
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what do the arches in PA 1 form ventrally?
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primordium of mandible
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What do the arches in PA2 form in terms of cartilage?
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reicharts cartilage
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what do the arches in pa2 form in terms of cartilage dorsally?
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stapes
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what do the arches in pa2 form in terms of cartilage ventrally?
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hyoid bone
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what does pa 3 cartilage form?
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rest of hyoid bone
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what do pa arches 4 and 6 form?
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rest of larynx
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what happens to the grooves?
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only grove with adult derivative is groove 1 - external auditory meatus
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what happens to the membranes?
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only membrane 1 has an adult derivative tympanic membrane
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what does pouch 1 form?
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stuff in ear like tympanic cavity and estuchian tube
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what does pouch 2 form?
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palatine tonsils? tonsils of oropharynx
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what does pouch 3 form?
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parathyroid3, thymus
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what does pouch 4 form?
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superior parathyroids, and some thyroid tissue
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How does tongue form?
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from swellings on floor of mouth associated with PA
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what does PA 1 form in terms of the tongue?
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median tongue bud
lateral lingual swellings |
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PA 2 form for tongue?
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copula - tastebud induction/innervation
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PA 3/4
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hypobranchial eminence overgrows copula
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what is the terminal sulcus?
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merging of tongue prominences
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what are the malformations of the tongue?
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ankylogosia
bifid tongue macro/microglossia |
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what is the akylogossia
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too little cell death
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what is bifid tongue caused by
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little growth or failure to merge of lateral swelling
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how does the thyroid form?
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endoderm on floor of pharynx at foramen cecum
descends into neck thru thyroglossal diverticulum |
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what are the five sweelings important for face development?
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frontal nasal prominence
maxillary prominence (2) mandibular prominence (2) |
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what swelling is not part of a pharyngeal arch?
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frontonasal prominence
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what two facial swellings are related to PA 1
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mandibular prominence
maxillary prominence |
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what causes cleft lip?
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incomplete merging between intermaxillary segment and maxillary prominences
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what are the steps of facial development?
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1)frontal nasoplate
2) nasal placodes 3) medial nasal prominences 4) two medial nasal prominences form intermaxillary segment 5) intermaxillary segments merge with maxillary segments |
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What are the adult dervitives of the FNP
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forhead, nose, face/palate
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what are the adult dervatives of the lateral nasal prominence
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phitrum of lip, primary palate
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what are adult derviatives of the mandibular prominence
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lower lip, chin, outer cheek
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what is the derivatives of the maxillary prominence
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upper lip, inner cheek
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what seperates the maxillary proninence from the lateral nasal
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nasolacrimal groove
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what forms the primary palate?
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intermaxillary segment
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what is in the primary palate?
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small portion of hard palate
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what is in the secondary palate?
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hard and soft palate
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how do you seperate teh nose and mouth?
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rupture oronasal membrane --> form choana --> form a new secondary plate
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what forms the secondary palate
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medial extensions of maxillary prominence called lateral palatine processes - they grow toward each other and fuse
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what is an anterior cleft?
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tissue anterior to incisive foramen
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what is a posterior cleft?
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tissue behind incisive foramen
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why do posterior clefts form?
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lateral palatine processes do not fuse
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what are the two portions of the adult skull?
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neurocranium
viscerocranium |
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what are the parts of the neurocranium?
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cartilagenous floor
cranial vault |
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how does the brain form?
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1) cartilagenous floor of neurocranium by edochondrial ossification
2) membranous neurocranium from neural crest mesenchym --> DIRECTLY TO BONE |
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what part of the brain goes directly to bone?
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membranous vault (lol not membranous at all really)
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what are the membranous viscerocranial?
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bottom of face
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what are the cartilagenous viscerocranium?
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cartilages of PA - inside - incus, meelous, etc
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what are the four parts that make up the diapraghm?
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septum transversum
plueroperitoneal membrane dorsal mesoesophagus lateral and dorsal body wall |
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what grows off the duodenum
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liver
pancreas |
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what is synonymous with greater omentum
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dorsal mesogastrium
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which part of midgut elongates into physiological umbilical hernia?
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cranial loop
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what are the steps to get to sex again?
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primordial germ cell
primitive sex chords genital ridges gonads |
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what do the fallopian tube and uterus form from?
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paramesoneprhic ducts
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what causes duplication of the uterus
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lack of fusion between paramesonephric ducts
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what causes hypospadias?
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incomplete fusion of urethral folds
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what is the role of wnt 7
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ventralization of paw
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what is limb musclature derived from
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somitic mesoderm
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what are bones in limbs derived from
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lateral plate mesoderm
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what forms from the paraaxial mesoderm?
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axial skeleton
voluntary muscles |
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what forms from the intermediate mesoderm?
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urinary system
part of genital system |
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what forms from the lateral plate mesoderm?
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dermis
most of limbs |
