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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Embryology
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Study of the growth and differentiation undergone by an organism from single fertilized cell into highly complex and independent living-being like its parents
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prenatal period
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period of development before birth
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postnatal period
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period of development after birth
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preembryonic period
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period of development of the gametes their fusion, cleavage, blastulation, gastrulation and up to implantation
"before implantation" |
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Embryonic period
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The period of implantation to the origin of the primordia of organs and the formation of the basic body
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Fetal period
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The period of growth and maturation of the organ system to become competent to assume their specialized functions
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Embryo
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The developing offspring during the embryonic period
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Fetus
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The developing offspring during the fetal period
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Conceptus
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embryo/fetus and its membrane
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_____ gave the foundation of the knowledge of the germ layers
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Van Baer
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The chromatin content of the nucleus becomes concentrated and forms the bulk of the ______
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Head of the sperm
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The Golgi apparatus becomes concentrated and reorganized to form the _________
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Acromsomal cap over the head
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THe centriole moves away from the anterior end taking on the shape of the ring to encircle the _______
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Flagellum
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The mitochondria become concentrated around the proximal part of the flagellum which form the ______
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middle piece of the spermatozoa
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Transport of sperm is achieved by:
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1. Contraction of cervix and uterus
2. motility of sperm |
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Spermatozoa upon arrival in the genital tract are not capable of fertilizing the oocyte must undergo...
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process of capacitation and acrosomal rxn
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Polyspermy
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further entry of sperm into oocyte (many sperm entering)
most common in pigs |
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Superfecundation
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impregnation by successive acts of coitus; two or more ovum are liberated at about the same time by two or more different males-DOG and CAT
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Superfetation
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a pregnant female ovulates, conceive and produce a second younger fetus
PIGS |
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Gestation period of a mare
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335-345 days
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Gestation period of a cow
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279-282 days
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Gestation period of a Ewe
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148-150 days
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Gestation period of a Sow
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114-120 days
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Gestation period of a Bitch
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60-65 days (58-79 depending on breed)
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Gestation period of a Queen
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60 days
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Each somite differentiates into
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Myotomes, Dermatome and Sclerotome
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Somites- sclorotome =
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verterbral column
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Somites-myotome=
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muscles
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somites-dermatome=
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connective tissue
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Surface ectoderm
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Epidermis, including cutaneous glands, hair, and lens of eyes; Epithelium of sense organs, nasal cavity, sinuses; mouth including oral glands, enamel, anal canal
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Neural ectoderm
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nervous tissue including hypophysis, adrenal medulla, and retina of eye
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Paraxial Mesoderm
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vertebral column and its associated muscles and connective tissue
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Intermediate mesoderm
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Kidneys, adrenal cortex, gonads and genital ducts
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lateral mesoderm
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cardiovascular and lymphatic system, pleura and peritoneum, spleen, muscles and connective tissues
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Derivatives of endoderm
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Epithelium of:
pharynx including root of tongue, auditory tube, larynx, trachea and lungs Digestive tube including glands Bladder, urethra and associated glands |
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nutrients and oxygen from maternal blood diffuse
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from the uterine artery into the umbilical vein
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excretory products from the embryo diffuse from the
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umbilical artery into uterine vein
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Functions of placenta
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nutrition, respiration through gaseous exchange, excretion, barrier(impermeable to bacteria), synthesis of hormones
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placenta hormone production
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estrogen, progesterone, and gonadotrophins
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nutrients and oxygen from maternal blood diffuse
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from the uterine artery into the umbilical vein
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Diffuse placenta
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mare and sow
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excretory products from the embryo diffuse from the
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umbilical artery into uterine vein
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Functions of placenta
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nutrition, respiration through gaseous exchange, excretion, barrier(impermeable to bacteria), synthesis of hormones
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placenta hormone production
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estrogen, progesterone, and gonadotrophins
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Diffuse placenta
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mare and sow
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Cotyledonary placenta
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ruminant
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zonary placenta
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carnivores
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discoidal placenta
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primate, rodents, bats
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3 layers of fetal side
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chronic epithelium, fetal connective tissue, and endothelium of the allantoic blood vessels
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3 layers of the maternal side
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uterine epithelium, uterine connective tissue, and endothelium of blood vessels of uterus
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Epitheliochorial has chronic epithelium in contact with_______. ___ layers are present. Present in these animals:
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uterine epithelium, 6, sow and mare
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Syndesmochorial has chronic epithelium in contact with_____. __ layers are present. Present in these animals:
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uterine connective tissue, 5, ruminants
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Endotheliochorial has chronic epitheilum in contact with_____. __ layers are present. Present in ______ animals
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uterine blood vessels, 4, carnivores
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Hemochorial has chronic epithelium in contact with _______. __ layers present. Present in these animals:
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Uterine blood, 3, primates
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