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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The fetal membrane perform 4 major functions?
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nutrition, respiration, excretion and protection
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The fetal membranes consist of four parts:
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yolk sac,amnion,chorion,allantois
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primary yolk sac is complete at day nr?
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8th
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Secondary yolk sac is complete day nr?
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9-12th
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What is hematopoiesis?
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is the formation of blood cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells.
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What is the AMNION?
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The amnion is a membrane building the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects an embryo.
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What is the composition +
building blocks of the of AMNION? |
Made out of AMNIOBLASTS,
contains 99% water, proteins, glucose, hormones inorganic salts |
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How large is the amniotic sac after 10, 20, 37 weeks?
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30,350,1000ml
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Amnioblasts produce what?
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produce amniotic fluid. Parts of this fluid comes from maternal tissue fluid by diffusion.
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Most of the amniotic fluid passes through the?
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amniochorionic membrane and later enters the uterine capillares.
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How dose Water return to amniotic sac?
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through the fetal urinary tract.
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4 Major functions of Amniotic fluid functions?
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Permits symmetrical external growth of the embryo and fetus, Amortization, Helps control body temperature of embryo, induce digestive and urinary tracts development.
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Amniotic fluid is swallowed by the fetus thus influencing development of?
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the digestive and urinary tracts
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Amortization is a processes that?
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protects embryo from external trauma
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What happens after 4th month with the amnion
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Walls of amnion form the epithelial covering the umbilical cord.
The embryo, suspended in amniotic fluid by the umbilical cord, floats freely |
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high lvl of α-fetoprotein indicates what?
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neural tube defects
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What is the Allantois?
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the fetal membrane lying below the chorion, formed as an outgrowth of the embryo’s gut. it forms part of the placenta.
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Allantois do what at day 16?
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froms a sausage-shape that runs from the wall of yolk sac into the connecting stalk.
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Allantois do what 3-5 weeks?
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early blood vessels formation in its wall. These blood vessels formed the umbilical arteries and veins
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Allantois do what 10-12 weeks?
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forms the urachus (is connected with urinary bladder) which after birth becomes the median umbilical ligament
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chorion primary villus comes when and is formed from?
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end of 2nd week from trophoblast
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chorion secondary villus comes when and is formed from?
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3rd week, trophoblast and extraembryonic mesoderm
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chorion tetiary villus comes when and formes what?
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4th week, blood vessels
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chorion turns into a system of?
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vessels, supplying fetus in nutrients and oxygen
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The villi at the embryonic pole is called?
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villous chorion, the rest of chorion is smooth chorion
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From what cells is the secondary yolk sac originated from?
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Extraembryonic splachnic mesoderm and hypoblast
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What is the yolk stalk developed into?
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Umbilical cord
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What happens with the yolk sac after the second month?
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It detach from the midgut loop
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After how long is the the yolk sac no longer a fetal membrane?
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At the 4th month
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What does the yolk sac do at 2-3 week?
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Transfer nutrients to the embryo from trophoblast to embryonic disc
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What happens in the yolk sac at 3 week?
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Gonoccyte migrate from the wall of yolk sac to the gonads
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What does the yolk sac do at 3 week(blood)?
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Angiogenesis
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What does the yolk sac do at 4-5 week(blood)?
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Blood vessels, arteries and veins
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What happens to the yolk sac at 4 week?
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The endoderm of the yolk sac is incorporated into the embryo and forms the primitive gut
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What forms the epithelial covering of the umbilicus?
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Walls of amnion
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What parts is included in the umbilical cord?
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Two umbilical arteries, yolk stalk, umbilical vein, wall of amnion, wharton’s jelly (CT)
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What does the fetal sac consist of(4)?
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deciduas capsularis and parietalis, smooth chorion, wall of amnion.
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From where does allantois develop from?
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From the wall of yolk sac extending to the connecting stalk
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Explain the blood circulation system to the fetus?
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Vessels in the chorionic villi contact vessels in the chorionic wall - > then umbilical vessels in the connecting stalk -> blood circulation system to the fetus
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The placenta gets divided into two parts?
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Fetal part (villous chorion) and maternal part (decidua basalis)
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What does placental membrane consist of?
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Endothelium of villus, connective tissue of villus, trophoblast
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What are the functions of the placenta ?
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Transport gases,transport nutrients, alimination of waste material, endocrine secretion, barrier to microorganisms
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Name the glycol hormones that are produced?
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hCG(human chorionic gonadotropin) and hCS(human chorionic somatomammotropin)
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human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG) do what?
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similar to LH-maintains the corpus luteum; after 8th week its secretion declines; pregnancy test
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human chorionic somatomammotropin(hCS) do what?
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It regulates carbohydrate and protein metabolism of the mother to ensure delivery to the fetus of glucose for energy and protein for fetal growth
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How is the immunological respons inhibited in fetus?
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Α-fetoprotein, igM
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Where is alpha–fetoprotein produced?
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In yolk sac and in liver
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What does alpha–fetoprotein do?
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Cause immunesuppression
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Heuser's membrane is made of?
and is part of what? |
cells from hypoblast.
part of prim.yolk sac, |
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what covers the secondary yolk sac?
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Extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm
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What are Gonocytes?
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primordial germ cells (PGCs),Early in development at the time of gastrulation a small group of cells are "put aside" to later form oocytes and spermatozoa.
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What are hemangioblast?
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extraembryonic mesoderm cells that that gives rise to both vascular endothelium (endothelial cells) and primary blood cells
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hCG causes what?
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Corpus luteum to live longer -> more progesteron -> the stromal cells close to egg enlarge -> accumulates glycogen and lipids
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functional endometrium turns into what after what?
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DECIDUAL REACTION(due to hCG) turns in into DECIDUA
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