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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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what three political movements went into the debate between conservatives and liberals?
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nationalism, romanticism, and enlightenment
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where did the debate come up and why?
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Congress of Vienna bc countries were having to re-address the issue after Napoleon's rule
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what was the conservative response?
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They did not want to liberate the Jews.
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What is Nationalism? Enlightenment? Romanticism?
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Nationalism- belief that people should be grouped by common history, ethnicity and language rather than arbitrary borders put up by foreign powers and invaders
Enlightenment thinking- rose up during the French revolution, glorification of all things scientific and rational, independent verification and skepticism. Romanticism- backlash wave of Enlightenment thinking. Emphasis on faith and nature's influence on humanity. Belief in the power of language to express the soul, etc. |
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What is conservatism? liberalism?
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Conservatives- return countries to monarchy, establish status quo of hierarchical society, back up religion and romanticism
Liberalism- want constitution monarchies/democracies, believe in the ideals of the Revolution |
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What was the liberal response to the question of Jewish emancipation?
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Jews should be liberated but-
Jews need civic betterment to reform and regenerate them |
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What points did the liberals make in relation to Jewish reform?
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Different jobs, integration in education, make Judaism more like Christianity
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hint: 3 main points
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Why did the liberals want the Jews to get different jobs?
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Jewish jobs were traditionally seen as unproductive and morally corrupt further negative stereotypes
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Why did the liberals want Jews to be educated with non-Jews
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educated the "Jewishness" out of the Jews, close the gap between Jews and their countrymen
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how did the liberals want Judaism to be more like Christianity
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more organization and structure, get rid of unnecessary and outdated traditions (no kashrut) , have a Sunday sabbath,
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hint: 3 points with one side point
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Besides the conservative and liberal response to Jewish Emancipation what was the third response?
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Modern Antisemitism
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what was the goal of the liberals?
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get of Jewish nationalistic identity
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What is the response of modern antisemitism?
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Jews are blamed for changes in the 19th century (both extremes), racial vs. religious antisemitism, world domantion
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what are the t4 branches of the Jewish response to emancipation?
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political, social, intellectual, religious
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What was the political response of the jews?
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they supported liberal efforts to emancipate Jews.
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What was the intellectual response of the Jews?
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Haskalah- Jewish Enlightened thinking
set in motion by Moses Mendleson and continued by maskilim |
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who continued the haskalah?
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the maskilim
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What were the goals of the haskalah?
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get rid of jewish ghetto mentality
bring jews into the modern world socially and intellectually via education in hebrew and german |
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Who was Moses Mendleson?
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He was a Jewish Enlightened thinker, highly respected as a philosopher but looked down upon as a Jew. Wanted to prove Judaism's rationality and educate Jews in German.
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As jews become more exposed to german culture....
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they want to become more integrated into society but the encounter restrictions socially, professionally.
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What was the social response of the Jews?
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Conversion.
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What were some major reasons given by former Jews for converting?
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full opportunities in the modern world, morality is still the same, professional reasons, Judaism holds people back and is not a modern religion
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What is Wissenschaft de Judentums?
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"Science of Judaism"
grew out of the haskalah Society for Jewish culture and Science |
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What were the goals of the WDJ
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Reduce ignorance about Judaism among non-Jews
Show Jewish contributions in European history Secure Jewish emancipation in Europe |
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Immanuel Wolf on WDJ
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study Judaism not as a 'sidenote' to Christianity
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What was the Jewish religious response?
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Simultaneously an intellectual movement grew out of the WDJ and a religious movement grew- reforming Judaism in shuls.
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What reasoning did the reformers give for starting new shuls?
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people aren't connecting with Judaism so we need a way to keep people close to Judaism
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What are the services going to be like under Jewish reformers?
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A dignified and well organized service compared to the traditional service. The traditional services, people come up late, you daven by your self. The Germans wanted everything to be in order like the protestant service.
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What new ritual did Jews introduce?
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They want kids to have similar experience that the Christians have. They want to make sure that the next generation will stay attached to Judaism, confirmation
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Why is it called a Temple, what’s the significance?
By calling it a Temple, they give up the idea that there will never be a Temple rebuilt in Israel. This way, the Germans know that they aren’t going to leave and go to isreal and that they are faithful to the Germans state. |
By calling it a Temple, they give up the idea that there will never be a Temple rebuilt in Israel. This way, the Germans know that they aren’t going to leave and go to isreal and that they are faithful to the Germans state.
Also separates them from synagogues and shuls as a totally different type of institution. |
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What is the goal of the practical reforms Jews were making?
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They are trying to fit in by making their services more decorous and orderly, more like Protestant services, less raucous, less chaotic/unorganized (as was typical of traditional synagogue services). They wanted to APPEAR like Protestants while maintaining ties to their tradition.
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What was the response to Jewish reform?
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More movements in Judaism with different opinions on where to stop reforming.
Positive Historical Neo-Orthodoxy Ultra-Orthodoxy |
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What are the movements American equivalents?
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Positive Historical- Conservative
Neo-Orthodoxy- Modern Orthodoxy Ultra-Orthodoxy- Ultra Orthodoxy |
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What was the Jewish question?
why? |
Where do Jews fit in society
Answer: Jews have lived as outsiders for over 1000 years in German lands – people aren’t sure where they fit in, especially given 19th century definitions of nationalism, based on an organic community with a common history, folk traditions, language, arts, etc. |
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