Els Exam 5

Front 1

if the kingdom is animalia, what is the domain?

Back 1

eukaryia

Front 2

what makes an animal? (3)

Back 2

-eat other organisms
-move
-multicellular

Front 3

what distinctions divide animals? (4)

Back 3

-defined tissues and specialized cells
-radial vs. bilateral symmetry
-protostome vs. deuterostome
-molting vs. non molting

Front 4

protostome and deuterostome

Back 4

p=first opening to form in development is the mouth
d=first opening to form in the development is the anus

Front 5

two protostomes

Back 5

monkey, starfish

Front 6

five deuterostomes

Back 6

anthropods, roundworms, molluscs, annedlids, flathworms

Front 7

two that grow by molting

Back 7

anthropods and roundworms

Front 8

one with radially symmetry

Back 8

cndarian

Front 9

one that does not posses tissue or organs

Back 9

sponges

Front 10

what phylum is 75% of all species on earth

Back 10

anthropoda

Front 11

8 phylums

Back 11

-arthropods
-annelid
-echinoderms
-mollusca
-roundworm
-flatworm
-cndarian
-porifera

Front 12

More closely related to humans
endoskeleton
both radial and bilateral
underside have tube feet

Back 12

echinoderms

Front 13

sea stars
sand dollars
sea urchins
sea cucumbers

Back 13

groups of echinoderms

Front 14

most successful of all animal groups
most numerous
exoskeletons made of chitlin
segmentation
jointed appendages

Back 14

arthropods

Front 15

insects
arachnids
crustaceans
millipedes and centipedes

Back 15

groups of arthropods

Front 16

head,thorax, abdomen
can carry disease (vector)
undergo metamorphosis

Back 16

insects

Front 17

spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites

Back 17

arachnids

Front 18

crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp

Back 18

crustaceans

Front 19

many feet

Back 19

millipedes and centipedes

Front 20

segmented worms
some useful in agriculture and medicine

Back 20

annedlids

Front 21

earthworms, leeches, polychaetes

Back 21

groups of annedlids

Front 22

found in water and land
common features: shell, mantle, radula

Back 22

mollusca

Front 23

3 groups of mollusca

Back 23

1. gastropods
2. bivalves
3. cephalopods

Front 24

"belly foot"
slugs and snails
shell and slime is defense

Back 24

gastropods

Front 25

"two valves"
calms,scallops,oysters,mussels
filter feeders
pearl makers

Back 25

bivalves

Front 26

"head foot"
squid,octopus,nautilus
tentacles
FAST-6000 mph in 10 seconds

Back 26

cephalopods

Front 27

squirrels remember 3000 nut locations
spiders spin elaborate webs
apes learn sign language

Back 27

examples of animal intellegence

Front 28

many live in soil (nematodes)
many are parasitic (heartworm, pinworms)
unsegmented worms
must molt to grow

Back 28

roundworm

Front 29

well defined head and tail regions
parasitic
flukes (one digestive opening)
tapeworms (can break off segments, can get very long)

Back 29

flatworm

Front 30

radial
carnivores
jellyfish, coral, sea anemones

Back 30

cndarian

Front 31

-coral eat algae called zooxanthelle
-if the water gets to hot the coral spits out algae
-algae gives oral color and when gone coral turns white
-repeated events causes death of coral

Back 31

coral bleaching

Front 32

simplest animals
lack tissue and organs
pump water through pores to feed
free living larval stage (moving)
mostly marine
can reproduce asexually

Back 32

sponges

Front 33

properties of phylum chordata (4)

Back 33

-notochord (only in primitive chordates)
-dorsal hollow nerve cord
-pharyngeal slits
-post-anal tail

Front 34

are all chodates vertebrates?

Back 34

no

Front 35

the two simplest chordates

Back 35

tunicates and lancelets

Front 36

the two simplest of vertebrates

Back 36

lampreys and hagfish

Front 37

what set the evolutionary explosion of vertebrate diversity

Back 37

the development and jaws and fin

Front 38

5 classes

Back 38

fish
amphibia
reptiles
birds (aves)
mammals

Front 39

first vertebrates on fossil record

Back 39

fish

Front 40

three groups of jawed fish

Back 40

1. cartilaginous fishes
2. ray-finned fishes
3. lobe finned fishes

Front 41

unique features of fish (3)

Back 41

scales
slimy skin
retain gills through life

Front 42

a skeleton made completely of cartilage
sharks and rays

Back 42

cartilaginous fishes

Front 43

rigid bones and fins lined with hardened rays

Back 43

ray finned fishes

Front 44

two pairs of sturdy fins on the underside of the body

Back 44

lobe finned fishes

Front 45

"double life" tadpole to frog, herbivore to carnivore
tied to water
exothermic

Back 45

class amphibian

Front 46

-slimy skin
-no scales
-lay eggs in water
-undergo metamorphosis

Back 46

amphibian features

Front 47

frogs
toads
salamanders
caecelians
amphiumas

Back 47

examples of amphibians

Front 48

includes large and small reptiles of mesozioc
exothermic
can live in extremely hot environments

Back 48

reptiles

Front 49

dry skin
scaly skin
lay eggs on land

Back 49

features of reptiles

Front 50

snakes
lizards
crocodiles, alligators, caimans
turtles

Back 50

examples of reptiles

Front 51

reptilian ancestors
endothermic
requires LOTS of energy

Back 51

properties of birds

Front 52

lay eggs
feathers

Back 52

features of birds

Front 53

reptilian ancestor
endothermic

Back 53

prop. of mammals

Front 54

hair/fur
mammary glands

Back 54

features of mammals

Front 55

egg layers

Back 55

monotremes (platapus)

Front 56

pouched mammals

Back 56

marsupials (kangaroo)

Front 57

have placenta

Back 57

placentals (humans)

Front 58

Ardipithicus ramidus

Back 58

4.4 million years old
ethiopia
teeth more similar to humans
pelvis showed bidpedalism but could not climb well

Front 59

5 characteristics of plants

Back 59

-multicellular
-eukaryotic
-photosynthesizers (authroph-self feeder)
-cellulose in cell walls
-sessile

Front 60

sessile

Back 60

bend towards the sun
adaptions for spreading seed
resistance to predation

Front 61

plants have specialized structures for

Back 61

support
gravity
desiccation

Front 62

4 groups of plants

Back 62

non-vascuar
vascular seedless
gymnosperms
angiosperms

Front 63

small
lack true leaves and roots
must live in very moist areas
must rely on osmosis

Back 63

prop. of non-vascular plants

Front 64

mosses, liverworts, hornworts

Back 64

non-vascular plants

Front 65

-peat used in gardening holds carbon dioxide
-hold soil "crust" together to prevent erosion
-smoky flavor of scotch whiskey

Back 65

3conomic values of non-vascular plants

Front 66

-tubes: allows for transport of water and nutrients
-root development: water and support

Back 66

vascular tissue development

Front 67

-tropical species
-reproduce using spores
- DNA, RNA, proteins
-lack nutrients

Back 67

vascular seedless plants

Front 68

ferns, horsetails

Back 68

vascular seedless plants

Front 69

-needles
-vascular
-tallest tree: coast redwood 380 ft.
-oldest tree: methuselah tree 4,800 years old
-naked seed

Back 69

gymnosperms

Front 70

conifers
cycads
ginkgos
gnetophytes

Back 70

gymnosperms

Front 71

-the male releases pollen grains that require the wind to reach a female cone
-the female cone has ovulates on the protruding scales. They produce seeds when fertilized by pollen.
-cones have been using wind pollination successfully for over 200 million years

Back 71

reproduction of cones

Front 72

-flowering plants
-majority of plants on earth
-grasses
-garden plants
-deciduous trees
-vascular
-covered seeds

Back 72

properties of angiosperms

Front 73

flower=sexual reproductive structure
fruit contains seed

Back 73

angiosperm life cycle

Front 74

HIGH economic value
-food
-medicine

Back 74

angiosperm economic value

Front 75

why so many different kinds of flowers?

Back 75

-many pollinators: insects, birds, mammals
-many colors and shapes to attract pollinators

Front 76

what are they attracted to:
bees
butterflys
hummingbirds

Back 76

yellow/blue flowers
landing on platforms
red tubular flowers

Front 77

dormancy: remain inactive until good conditions
nourishment: stored food in seeds until germination
germentation: development delayed until proper season

Back 77

advantages of angiosperm seeds

Front 78

angiosperm seed dispersal

Back 78

-attach to animals
-wind or water
-being eaten by an animal

Front 79

angiosperm plant defenses

Back 79

-spikes or thorns
-sticky traps
-give off chemicals that affect predator

Front 80

3 types of fungi

Back 80

mushrooms
molds
yeast

Front 81

more closely related to animals
eukaryotic
lack chlorophyll
contain chiltin in cell walls
heterotrophic
multi and unicellular
feed by absortion of decaying materials
secrete powerful enzymes

Back 81

properties of fungi

Front 82

4 importance of fungi

Back 82

commercial uses: food, antibiotic
decomposers: release carbon, nitrogen, and other elements
parasites cause disease: infect animals (ringworm, athletes foot, toxic mold)
infect plants: wheat rust, corn smut, Dutch elm disease

Front 83

-fungus and algae-mutalism
-pioneer on rocks
-fungus uses enzymes to break down rock
-algae produces energy through photosynthesis

Back 83

lichens

Front 84

-fungus and plants- mutualism (make nitrogen)
-fungus lives among plant roots
-plant provides sugars for fungus
-fungus increases water uptake for roots

Back 84

mycorhizae

Front 85

one-celled
separates by budding
breads and wines
some are pathogens
ex: candida

Back 85

yeast

Front 86

expensive gourmet edible fungi

Back 86

truffles

Front 87

some edible, some extremely toxic

Back 87

mushrooms

Front 88

found on foods and plants
some are pathogens
ex: aspergillis

Back 88

molds