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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the #1 source of energy
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sun
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what is photosynthesis
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plants capture energy from the sun and store it in th echemical bonds of sugars and other food molecules
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what is cellular respiration
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plants animals and fungi release the energy stored in the chemical bonds of food molecules and use it as fuel
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what is kinetic energy
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the energy of moving objects
ex: riding a bike |
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what is potential energy
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stored energy
ex: water behind a dam |
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what is chemical energy
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the storage of energy in chemical bonds
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where does organic chemicals and energy come from
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plants
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5 examples of consumers
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humans
animals fungus protozoans bacteria |
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what does heterotroph mean
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other feeder
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what is the universal energy source
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ATP
adenosine triphosphate molecule |
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what is ATP
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useable form of energy used for cellular work
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what does photosynthesis give us
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oxygen
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what 3 things are the input of photosynthesis
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sunlight
water carbon dioxide |
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what 2 things are the output of photosythesis
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oxygen
sugar |
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what is the thylakoid
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(photo) interconnected membrane structures
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what is the stroma
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(synthesis) fluid
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what is chloroplast? where is it embedded?
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plant pigment
embedded in the thylakoid |
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how is sunlight produced?
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in wavelengths
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what colors are reflected off carotenoids
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yellows/oranges
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what colors are reflected off anthocyanins
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blues/violets/reds
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what makes leaves change colors in the fall
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chlorophyll production shuts down
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what are the 2 photosynthesis processes
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1. light dependent reactions
2. light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) |
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what does cellular respiration convert food into?
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ATP or energy
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what is one unit of energy
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calorie
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what are the 3 steps in cellular respiration
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1. glycosis (break down sugar)
2. krebs cycle (extract energy from sugar) 3. electron transport chain (molecules move through chain) |
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what does cellular respiration produce?
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lots of ATP
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3 properties of anaerobic respiration
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1. lack of oxygen causes build up of lactic acid during glycosis
2. lactic acid causes burning 3. soreness is due to damaged muscle fibers |
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4 food examples of anaerobic respiration
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milk
cheese yeast wine |
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what alcohol is produced by fermentation
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ethanol
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what percentage of energy does fossil fuel provide for the US
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85%
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what does our economy depend on
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fossil fuels
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how many years did it take to create crude oil? how long did it take to extract half of it?
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millions
150 years |
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how much of the worlds population does the US make up? how much energy do we use up?
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5%
25% |
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the term used to describe the point when worldwide production of of conventional crude oil peaks in volume?
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peak oil
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this is the area in the Persian Gulf from which most of the world's quality oil is found
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strait of hormuz
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how much of the oil used today in the US is imported
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60%
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what is the biggest agent of change on the planet
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humans
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what evidence gives of thousands of years of atmospheric data which we use to study climate change
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ice cores
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an increase in overall global temperatures has what affect on the planet?
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global warming
increase in level 4 and 5 hurricanes |
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are new wind plants cheaper or expensive to build when compared to electric plants
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cheaper
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why is ethanol from corn kernals not very useful? what is a better alternative to producing ethanol?
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-takes a lot of energy to make ethanol
-drop waste |
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what kind of vehicles are being researched and developed by every major car company in the world
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fuel cell
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what percetage of waste that goes into the landfill can be recycled
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90%
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what are we dependent on?
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the natural system, like fossil fuels
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what percentage of commerical energy do we use?
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90% from coal, oil, and natural gas
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3 non-renewable resources
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coal,oil, natural gas
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3 properties of coal
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-formed in plants in ancient swamps
-first fossil fuel used in early 1700's -triggered industrial revolution |
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a pro of coal
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much of it is obtained by surface mining
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4 cons of coal
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undergroud mining
varies in quality bulky shipping pollutes! (carbon dioxide when burns) |
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3 properties of oil
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1859 petroleum era
formed from ancient marine micro-organisms associated with natural gas (sits on top of oil) |
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3 pros of oil
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more concentrated energy than coal
less pollution than coal moves through pipes |
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2 cons of oil
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more expensive
difficult to find |
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4 properties of natural gas
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-different from gasoline
-by early 1900's 90% was burned off -since WW2 used for heating and cooking -superior to oil and coal |
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3 cons to natural gas
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-expensive to move
-dangers -still pollutes |
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7 alternative sources of energy
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wood
hydroelectric geothermal wind solar nucleur biomass |
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3 properties of wood
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stored sunlight
major source of energy used worldwide nearly half of the pop. uses wood |
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3 cons of wood
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not practical for transport
incomplete combustion leads to shortages (shrinking forrests) |
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3 cons of hydroelectricity
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-loss of fertile farmland
-relocation of communities -threat to species |
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3 properties of geothermal energy
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-tapping steam and hot water
-steam used to power electrical generators -Iceland is world leader in geothermal |
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3 cons of geothermal
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cannot be used everywhere
steam contains hydrogen sulfide gas cause corrosion of pipes |
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what percentage of wind power does california produce
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40%
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what is a hazard of wind power
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birds, makes to much noise, bats can't ecolocate of of the turbines
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3 properties of solar energy
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south-facing windows
solar panels storage |
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4 steps of nuclear energy
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1.uranium split
2. can heat water 3. steam 4. electricity |
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3 cons of nuclear energy
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danger of explosion
radioactive wave long time storage |
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examples of biomass
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trash
biodiesel grease/oil soy ethanol methane |
