Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
nucleus
|
area in cell where chromosomes are found
|
|
|
nuclear membrane
|
encloses nucleus
|
|
|
DNA replication
|
the process of making identical DNA (chromosomes) strands. Happens before mitosis and doesn't occur in certain parts of the body
|
|
|
Homolog
|
a chromosome with the same number and same gene loci
|
|
|
Mitosis
|
cell division resulting in daughter cells with identical chromosomes (diploid to diploid). Liked with differentiation
|
|
|
Meiosis
|
reduction division. diploid to haploid, resulting in gametes. Occurs in the gonad. Crossing over and independent assortment happens during meiosis
|
|
|
Diploid
|
having two sets of chromosomes. Always an even number 2N
|
|
|
Haploid
|
one set of chromosomes, found in gametes N - - a single set of unpaired chromosomes
|
|
|
Gene
|
a section of DNA that codes for one protein trait. There are many genes on a typical chromosome
|
|
|
Gamete
|
a sex cell, a result of meiosis. They are haploid
|
|
|
Gonad
|
organ that produces gametes (teste, ovary)
|
|
|
Maternal
|
from mother
|
|
|
Paternal
|
from father
|
|
|
Allele
|
a form of a gene. They come in pairs
|
|
|
Dominance
|
an allele that is always expressed
|
|
|
Genotype
|
what alleles are present, written in letters (A aa, AA)
|
|
|
Phenotype
|
how the alleles are expressed, how the organism looks, written in words
|
|
|
Homozygous
|
alleles the sam (AA,aa)
|
|
|
Heterozygous
|
alleles are different (Aa)
|
|
|
Recessive
|
alleles only expressed when homozygous (aa)
|
|
|
Monohybrid cross
|
a cross involving only one trait (Aa ?
|
|
|
Dihybrid
|
a cross involving two tats (AaBb x AABb)
|
|
|
sex linked
|
a gene that is on the X chromosome, which means that males only have one copy
|
|
|
sex linkage
|
when the gene is on the X chromosome. Males have one, female two, so if males have a bad allele there is no other allele to effect it
|
|
|
Trisomies
|
an extra chromosome, caused by non-disjunction. Curing meiosis chromosomes do not separate, resulting in a gamete that is N + 1. Usually lethal, but occasionally seen in chromosomes 13, 18, and 21 (Downs)
|
|
|
Autosomes
|
chromosome 1-22
|
|
|
Sex chromosomes
|
chromosome 23
|
|
|
polar body
|
left over chromosome
|
|
|
centromere
|
holds chromatids together
|
|
|
chromatid
|
half of a replicated chromosome
|
|
|
crossing over
|
mixes up chromatids in meiosis one
|
|
|
What did Mendel discover?
|
1) problems of heredity-not in blood, 2) predict ratios of offspring 3)* ideas of segregation of alleles*, 4) independent assortment-sorting out alleles, 5) introducing dominance and recessiveness
|
