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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the name of the civil war that went on for decades in the 15th century? |
War of the Roses |
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What was the final battle of the War of Roses called? |
Battle of Bosworth Field |
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The War of Roses were fought between which two noble houses? |
House of York and House of Lancaster |
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Who was the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty? |
Henry VII |
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Who did Henry VII marry? |
Elizabeth of York |
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When did Prince Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, die? |
1502 |
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When did Henry VII die? |
1509 |
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When did Henry VIII become king? |
1509 |
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Who was Henry VIII's first wife? |
Catherine of Aragon |
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Who was the child of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon? |
Mary |
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Why did Henry VIII break away from the Catholic Church? What was this act known as? |
a) He wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon and also wanted wealth/power b) English Reformation |
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Why did Henry VIII divorce Catherine of Aragon? |
He wanted a male heir |
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Who was Henry VIII's second wife? |
Anne Boleyn |
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Who was the child of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn? |
Elizabeth |
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When was Elizabeth I born? |
Sept 7 1533 |
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What was the First Succession Act? |
It recognised Elizabeth as heir to the throne and declared Mary illegitimate. |
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Why did Henry VIII behead Anne Boleyn? |
False accusations of treason, witchcraft, incest, adultery |
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Who was Henry VIII's third wife? |
Jane Seymour |
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Who was the child of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour? |
Edward |
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When was Edward VI born? |
1537 |
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What did the Second Act of Succession do? |
It gave Edward the right to the throne while stripping Elizabeth of her right to inherit the throne |
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Where did Elizabeth I grow up? |
Hatfield House |
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Who was Elizabeth's tutor? |
Roger Ascham |
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What was the Third Act of Succesion and when was it passed? |
It restored Elizabeth as an heir after both her siblings, passed in 1544 |
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When did Henry VIII die and who succeeded him? |
1547 Edward VI (only 9 years old) |
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What religion was Edward VI brought up as? |
A staunch Protestant |
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When did Edward VI die? How did Edward VI die? |
1553 Died of tuberculosis (aged just 15) |
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Who did Edward VI name as his heir? |
His cousin, Lady Jane Grey |
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How long did Lady Jane Grey rule for? |
9 days |
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Who seized the throne after Lady Jane Grey? |
Mary (Henry VIII's eldest child) |
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What was Mary's (Henry VIII's eldest child) religion? |
Catholic |
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Who did Mary (Henry VIII's eldest child) marry? |
Phillip II |
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Why was Mary known as 'Bloody Mary'? |
She burned 282 Protestant heretics (non-believers) to death |
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Why was Elizabeth imprisoned by her sister Mary in 1554? |
Because Mary believed Elizabeth was involved in the Protestant uprising known as Wyatt's Rebellion |
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When and how did Mary (Henry VIII's eldest child) die?
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1558 Stomach cancer |
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When did Elizabeth become queen? |
1558 |
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When was Elizabeth coronated? |
1559 |
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How many nobles, advisors, officials, servants made up the Court? |
Around 500 |
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What was The Court known as? |
The Queen's Household |
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What was the purpose of The Court? |
To glorify Elizabeth and project an image of wealth and power |
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What are progresses? |
The Queen and her Court would travel around the country visiting nobles and building relations with them |
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What was patronage? |
Showing favoritism to certain men by giving them political roles and important jobs which provided wealth and prestige |
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How was the system of patronage useful to Elizabeth I? |
It made people compete for powerful positions and was effective as it ensured loyalty to the Queen |
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What was the Privy Council? |
A small group of hand picked trusted advisors who dealt with the day to day functioning of the government |
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What did the Privy Council do? |
It took care of finance, law, relations with other nations and advised Elizabeth on important decisions |
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What were some powers of the Privy Council? |
Issuing royal proclamations in the Queen's name Arrest and imprisonment of individuals Guiding parliamentary business |
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What were the two parts of the Parliament? |
House of Lords and House of Commons |
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Who were part of the House of Lords? |
Up to 90 peers made up of nobles and bishops |
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Who were part of the House of Commons? |
450 elected MPs |
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Which was more powerful, House of Commons or House of Lords?
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House of Lords |
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Why was the Parliament important for Elizabeth? |
She couldn't introduce taxes without its agreement to fund expensive wars. |
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What was a royal veto?
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The Queen's power to reject any Act of Parliament |
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What was a draft of a proposed law called?
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A bill |
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William Cecil (Lord Burghley) Background? Religion? Responsibilities in Privy Council? |
Background - Intelligent, hard-working, studied law at Cambridge Religion - Protestant Responsibility - secretary of state, skilful parliamentary manager/chief minister |
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Sir Francis Walsingham Background? Religion? Responsibilities in Privy Council? |
Background - Loyal, a linguist, studied law at Cambridge Religion - Puritan (extreme Protestant) Responsibility - Spy master, uncovering plots against Elizabeth |
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Robert Deveroux (Earl of Essex) Background? Religion? Responsibilities in Privy Council? |
Background - Arrogant, short-tempered, young Religion - Protestant Responsibility - Knowledgeable about foreign affairs, experienced soldier |
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Sir Christopher Hatton
Background? Religion? Responsibilities in Privy Council? |
Background - Studied law at Oxford, loyal, hard-working, talented dancer Religion - Protestant Responsibility - Helped organize progresses, helped control MPs |
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Robert Dudley (Earl of Leicester) Background? Religion? Responsibilities in Privy Council? |
Background - Childhood friend and favourite of Elizabeth, ambitious Religion - Puritan (strong Protestant) Responsibility - Master of the Horse, responsible for Elizabeth's safety |
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Sir Walter Raleigh Background? Religion? Responsibilities in Privy Council? |
Background - Poet, soldier, favourite of Elizabeth Religion - Protestant Responsibility - Played role in colonising North America |
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Name several reasons why the Privy Council and Parliament were so keen for Elizabeth to get married? |
1) To have a Protestant heir 2) To strengthen foreign relations and form alliances 3) Avoid civil war as not having an heir could've led to a succession crisis |
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Phillip II, King of Spain When did he propose? Pros? Cons? |
When - 1559 Pros - Spain is a powerful alliance Cons - Catholic, he doesn't like England, the people of England don't like him, he wanted the Queen to move with him to Spain |
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Eric, Prince of Sweden When did he propose? Pros? Cons? |
When - 1559 Pros - Protestant, Privy Council were approving of him, popular and allowed her to stay independent Cons - Sweden isn't a strong alliance |
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Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester When did he propose? Pros? Cons? |
When - 1559 Pros - Knew the Queen since childhood, Protestant, loyal, truly loves Elizabeth Cons - He may have killed Amy, no alliance as he's English and many distrust his position |
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Francis, Duke of Anjou When did he propose? Pros? Cons? |
When - 1572 Pros - France would be a good ally, rich and young, Cecil in favour of marriage Cons - Catholic, slightly deformed |
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Robert Deveroux, Earl of Essex When did he propose? Pros? Cons? |
When - 1580 Pros - Protestant, handsome noble Cons - No alliance, argumentative, too young? |
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What problems did Elizabeth face as a ruler? |
1) Huge debt 2) People believed she was weak because she's a woman 3) Unmarried so no heir 4) Religious issues (Protestant vs Catholic) 5) At war with very few allies |
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What year did the Queen face a rebellion led by the Earl of Tyrone? |
1598 |
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What were the Queen's orders to the Earl of Essex to react to the rebellion? |
To crush the uprising |
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What did the Earl of Essex do when he went to deal with the rebellion in Ireland? |
Disobeyed the Queen's orders and made peace with the Earl of Tyrone |
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How did the Queen punish the Earl of Essex? |
Permanently expelled from Court Stripped of monopoly selling sweet wines Destroyed his career and left him bankrupt |
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When was the Essex Rebellion? |
1601 |
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Why did the Earl of Essex lead a rebellion? |
Publicly humiliated Expelled from Court Lost monopoly on sweet wines Wanted revenge |
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How did the Queen counter the Essex rebellion? |
She offered Essex's supporters a royal pardon and Essex was forced to surrender |
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Why and when was Essex beheaded? |
Treason Feb 25 1601 |
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Name several reasons the Queen chose not to marry. |
1) Valued her independence too much 2) Was Protestant, didn't want Catholic husband 3) If she married, she would just be the King's wife with less power 4) If she accepted a foreign suitor, other nations would've felt rejected and angry becoming enemies of England 5) No suitor had approval from ALL her councillors 6) Succession crisis had been resolved, James VI was to be heir |
