Eli Whitney

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Eli Whitney

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American inventor whose cotton gin changed cotton harvesting procedure and enable large increases in cotton productions

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Industrial Revolution

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a period of rapid growth in use of machines in manufacturing and production that began on the mid-1700s

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technology

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the tools used to produce goods or to do work

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Interchangeable parts

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a process developed by Eli Whitney in the 1790s that called for making each part of a machine exactly the same

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Mass production

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the efficient production of large numbers of identical goods

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Trade unions

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Workers organizations that try to improve working conditions

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Lowell system

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the use of water powered textiles mills that employed young, unmarried women in 1800s

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Rhode Island system

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a system developed by Samuel Slater in the mid 1800s in which whole families were hired as textiles workers and factories work was divided into simple task

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transportation revolution

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the rapid growth in the speed and convenience of transportation

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Peter Cooper

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(1791-1883)
American Ironworks manufacturer who designed and built Tom Thumb, the first American Locomotive

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Samuel F. Morse

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(1791-1872)
American artist and inventor, he applied scientists' discoveries of electricity and magnetism to develop the Telegraph, which soon message all across the country

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Telegraph

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a machine perfected by Samuel f. Morse in 1832 that uses pulses of electric current to send messages across long distance through wires

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Morse Code

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a system develop by Alfred Lewis Vail for telegraph that used a certain combination of dots and dashes to represent each letter of the alphabet

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John Deere

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(1804-1886)
American industrialist; he developed a steel plow to ease difficulty of turning think soil on the great plains

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Clermont

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The first full size US commercial steamboat; developed by Robert Fulton and tested in 1807

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Gibbons v. Ogden

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A Supreme Court ruling that reinforce the federal government authority over the state

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Robert Fulton

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American engineer and inventor; he built the first commercially successful full-sized steamboat. The Clermont, which led to the development of commercial steamboat ferry service for goods and people

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John Sutter

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American pioneer who built Sutter's Fort, a trading post on the California frontier, gold was discovered, leading to the California Gold Rush

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Donner party

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a group of Western travelers who were stranded in the Sierra Nevada during the winter 1846-47, only 45 of the parties 87 members died

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Forty-niners

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a gold seeker who moved to the California during the gold rush

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Gadsden purchase

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U.s purchase of land from Mexico that included the southern parts of present day Arizona and New Mexico

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

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a treaty that ended the Mexican War and gave the United states much of Mexicos Northern Territory

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Californios

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Spanish colonists in California in the 1800's

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Vaqueros

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Mexican cowboys in the west who tended cattle and horses

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manifest destiny

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a belief shared by many Americans in the mid 1800's that the United States should expand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean

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James K Polk

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11th President of the United States he settled Oregon boundary with great britan and successfully conducted the Mexican - American War

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Alamo

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Spanish Mission in San Antonio, Texas, that was the site of a famous battle of the Texas revolution in 1836

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Battle of San Jacinto

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The finale battle of the Texas Revolution; resulted in the defeat of Mexican army and independence for Texas

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Antonio Lopez De Santa Ana

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Mexican general and politican, he was president of Mexico and became a dictator. He fought in the Texas Revolution and Seized the Alamo but was defeated and captured by Sam Houston at San Jacinto

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Santa Fe Trail

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an important trade trail west from independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico

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Oregon trail

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a 2000 mile trail stretching through the Great Plains from Western Missouri to the Oregon Territory

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Worcester v. Georgia

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the supreme court ruling that started that the Cherokee nation was a distinct territory over which only the federal government had authority; ignore by both President Andrew Jackson and the state of Georgia

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Indian Territory

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an arena covering most of present-day Oklahoma to which most Native Americans in the southeast were force to move in at 1830's

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Indian Removal Act

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A congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east the Mississippi River

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Andrew Jackson

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nicknamed old hickory, he was an American hero in the Battle of New Orleans as commander of the Tennessee militia, who defeated the creek indians, securing 23 million acres of land his election at the 7th President of the United States mark arena of democracy called Jackson Ian Democracy

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Mormons

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a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day saints

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Mountain men

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men hired by Eastern companies to trap animals for fur and the Rocky Mountains other Western regions of the United States

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Trail of Tears

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800 miles force March made by the Cherokee from their homeland in Georgia to Indian Territory resulted in the death of almost one fourth of the Cherokee people