Elem Ed 5018

Front 1

phoneme

Back 1

any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another

Front 2

echoism

Back 2

onomatopoeia

Front 3

phonological awareness

Back 3

ability to perceive sound structures in a spoken word, such as syllables and the individual phonemes within syllables

**auditory skill, does not necessarily involve print

Front 4

onset sounds

Back 4

initial consonant or consonant cluster of the word

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rime

Back 5

the vowel and consonants that follows the onset sound

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closed syllable

Back 6

ends in a consonant

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open syllable

Back 7

ends in a vowel

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VCe syllable

Back 8

Also known as "magic e" syllable patterns, VCe syllables contain long vowels spelled with a single letter, followed by a single consonant, and a silent e. Examples of VCe syllables are found in wake, whale, while, yoke, yore, rude, and hare.

Front 9

WIDA taxonomy levels

Back 9

entering

emerging

developing

expanding

bridging

Front 10

components of reading frequency

Back 10

rate, accuracy, prosody

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language load

Back 11

number of unrecognizable words an ELL encounters when reading a passage or listening to a teacher

Front 12

what qualifies as independent reading level

Back 12

97% accuracy

Front 13

second grade readers at the beginning of the year should read how many words per minute? regular 2nd grade reading is tracked at what speed?

Back 13

50-80 words
85 words

Front 14

what qualifies as instructional reading level

Back 14

1 minute, 90-95% accuracy per 10 words

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levels of reading

Back 15

independent

instructional

frustration

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prosody

Back 16

phonetic term that uses meter, rhythm, tempo, pitch and loudness in a speech for conveying information about the meanings and structure of an utterance

Front 17

stages of writing development

Back 17

pre-literate (scribbles to mock letters)

emergent (strings of letters to environmental print)

transitional (letter/word representation to medial letter sounds)

fluent (beginning phrase writing to six traits of writing)

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complex sentence

Back 18

at least one independent clause plus at least one dependent clause

Front 19

compound sentence

Back 19

two or more independent clauses

Front 20

consonant blends

Back 20

groups of two or three consonants in words that makes a distinct consonant sound, such as "bl" or "spl."

Front 21

consonant digraphs

Back 21

2-letter consonant blends

Front 22

effective way to teach vocab

Back 22

initial exposure to word is indirect

Front 23

early contributions of Egypt

Back 23

writing, Nile produced fertile soil for lots of growing

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early contributions of Greece

Back 24

democracy, architecture, modern theatre, math/science/meds, philosophy

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early contributions of Rome

Back 25

republic, unified set of laws, skilled civil service, well disciplined army, roads

*known for peace and governing far-flung regions well

Front 26

WWI

Back 26

Central Powers vs Allies

Woodrow Wilson said neutral, Germany torpedoed Lutisania (boat), Wilson declared war

-assassination, pulled people in due to treaties

-Geneva Convention to set up rules of war following WWI

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Treaty of Versailles & League of Nations

Back 27

peace treaty from WWI, Germany had to claim responsibility, reassigned German boundaries

Germany paid reparations under the Dawes & Young Plans... essentially tanked economy. Hitler came to power by remilitarizing the country and providing jobs

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WWII

Back 28

Allied (rest of world) and Axis Powers (Germany Italy Japan)

America neutral until Pearl Harbor (Although provided munitions through Lend-Lease program)

*whole country focused on war, brought America out of 1930s Depression. Women worked in factories, lived on rations, men went to war

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Cold War

Back 29

lots of threats and bomb-making, no actual war aside from Korean War (US supported S Korea, China supported N Korea)

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lost generation

Back 30

generation of men that came to maturity during and after WWI

Front 31

Truman Doctrine & McCarthy trials

Back 31

policy to protect free people against oppression and communism

McCarthy trials... witch hunts for communists in US

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Iroquois & Sioux native Americans

Back 32

initially helped settlers

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Aztec

Back 33

pyramids, maize

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Mayans

Back 34

calendars, star mapping

Front 35

Manifest Destiny

Back 35

the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

Front 36

Sons of Liberty: led by, what did they do

Back 36

led by Sam Adams, an organization of American colonists that was created in the Thirteen American Colonies. The secret society was formed to protect the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government. They played a major role in most colonies in battling the Stamp Act in 1765.

Front 37

Boston Massacre

Back 37

British soldiers opened fire on American protestors, killed five people

Front 38

Boston tea party, who did it

Back 38

Sons of Liberty and others dressed as Indians

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1st Continental Congress

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developed grievances and recommended actions against Britain

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Shot Hear Round the World

Back 40

official start of American Revolution

Front 41

2nd Continental Congress

Back 41

ratified 13 colonies, established Army, appointed Washington as General

passed Declaration of Independence

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Common Sense

Back 42

Thomas Payne, propaganda calling for independence

Front 43

Treaty of Paris

Back 43

ended Revolution, granted independence to colonies and gave them rights to the territories

Front 44

Articles of Confederation

Back 44

failed miserably, gave federal gov't no power

Front 45

Constitutional Convention year

Back 45

1787-1789

Front 46

Bill of Rights

Back 46

1791

first 10 amendments to the constitution

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republicanism

Back 47

ideology of being a citizen in a state as a republic (rather than as a monarchy or dictatorship) under which the people hold popular sovereignty

Front 48

federalism

Back 48

mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government with regional governments in a single political system.

Front 49

Gettysburg Address

Back 49

"Four score and seven years ago"

glorified pep talk for Northern soldiers in Civil War

Front 50

Yosemite Valley formation

Grand Canyon

Back 50

glaciers

Colorado river?

Front 51

life in Athens vs Sparta

Back 51

Athens - knowledge, intellectual

Sparta - war-based society

Front 52

Islam in African history

Back 52

Muhammed sent disciples to Africa on first Hijra

Front 53

Admiral Perry

Back 53

forced Japan to trade with the US, Western powers were looking for new markets for exports, etc

Front 54

How did Spanish conquer Aztec & Inca?

Back 54

Played nice at first, once they got sick, used superior weapons and armor to defeat them

Front 55

Scientific Revolution, big ideas

Back 55

followed Renaissance in Europe; heliocentrism, gravity, alchemy

Front 56

Marbury v Madison

Back 56

judicial review, defined boundary between separate executive and judicial branches

Front 57

immigration timeline

Back 57

Chinese & Japanese

*after WWI laws limited immigration

Germans

Front 58

Brown v Board

Back 58

said that separate but equal segregated schools was constitutional

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UCA v Bakke

Back 59

upheld affirmative action, racial quotas were impermissable

Front 60

cultural pluralism

Back 60

individual ethnic groups have a right to exist on their own terms within the larger society while retaining their unique cultural heritages

Front 61

feudalism

Back 61

the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service

Front 62

Magna Carta

Back 62

charter agreed between King and group of rebellious Barons...

promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown

Front 63

Mayflower Compact

Back 63

on the ship Mayflower on November 11, 1620, was the first written framework of government established in what is now the United States

Front 64

If president dies....

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V Pres

Speaker of House

President pro tempore of the Senate

Secretary of State

Front 65

Thomas Hobbes

Back 65

artificial character of political order, natural equality of all men

Front 66

order of taxonomic levels, King..

Back 66

King Philip Came Over For Green Soup

Front 67

Monroe Doctrine

Back 67

policy that warned European powers that warned European powers to stop claiming rights to Central America, we agreed to not meddle with standing colonies

Front 68

Missouri Compromise

Back 68

11 free states, 11 slave states.... any new states, had to be one of each. wanted to balance power

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Louisiana Purchase

Back 69

Thomas Jefferson. Midwest. $15 million.

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13th amendment

Back 70

slavery illegal

Front 71

20th amendment

Back 71

women could vote

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14th amendment

Back 72

all persons born in the US are citizens, have equal rights

Front 73

15 amendment

Back 73

couldn't deny right to vote based on race

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1st amendment

Back 74

freedom of religion

Front 75

2nd amendment

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right to bear arms

Front 76

3rd amendment

Back 76

soldiers quartering

Front 77

4th amendment

Back 77

unreasonable search or seizure

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5th amendment

Back 78

plead the fifth, double jeopardy

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6th amendment

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speedy public trial

Front 80

7th amendment

Back 80

trial by jury

Front 81

8th amendment

Back 81

excessive bail or cruel punishment

Front 82

9th amendment

Back 82

maintains rights that are not specifically enumerated

Front 83

10th amendment

Back 83

powers not prohibited by constitution are reserved to the states

Front 84

total number of amendments at this point

Back 84

27