Electrophysiology Of Neurons

Front 1

Nongated ion channels aka ____

Back 1

leak channels

Front 2

there are ___ Na+ out for every ___ K+ in

Back 2

3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ in

Front 3

The ____ determines whether a chanel allows an ion to flow through.

Back 3

The Ion charge determines whether a channel allows an ion to flow through.

Front 4

In gated channels, the transition b/w open and closing is called ____

Back 4

Gating

Front 5

voltage gated channels open and close in response to change in ___

Back 5

voltage gated channels open and close in response to change in Membrane Potential

Front 6

voltage gated Na+ channel- formed by a single polypeptide with ___ domains

Back 6

4 domains

Front 7

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) binds to channel on the ____ and blocks __ permeability pore and so neurons are not able to generate ____

Back 7

Tetrodotoxin binds to channel on the outside and blocks Na+ permeability pore and so neurons are not able to generate action potential

Front 8

___ produces a similar effect as tetrodotoxin

Back 8

Lidocaine

Front 9

voltage gated K+ channels are similar to Na+ channels but have ___ polypeptides vs ___, each of which is a subunit.

Back 9

Voltage gated K+ are similar to Na+ channels but have 4 polypeptides vs. 1 each of which is a subunit.

Front 10

What are the activities associated with the Business Analysis Planning and Monitoring knowledge area?

Back 10

There are 8
::Identify stakeholders
::Define roles and responsibilities of stakeholders
::Develop estimates for analysis tasks
::Plan how BA will Communication
::Plan how requirements will be approached, traced and prioritized
::Determine deliverables
::Define and determine analysis process
::Determine metrics for monitoring analysis

Front 11

Ligand-gated channels are opened by ___ binding of chemical substances

Back 11

non-covalent

Front 12

Name some substances that open ligand-gated channels

Back 12

Neurotransmitters or hormones (Ach, GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid), or glycine) <extracellular>

also intracellular second messengers (cAMP, IP3, DAG, Ca2+)

Front 13

mechanically gated channels - open by a ___ stimulus and include the channels involved in producing generator potentials of ___ and ___ receptors

Back 13

Mechanically gated channels-open by a mechanical stimulus and include the channels involved in producing generator potentials of stretch and touch receptors.

Front 14

The resting membrane potential of a neuron is usually ____

Back 14

The resting potential of a neuron is usually -65 mV

Front 15

At rest ____ leaks into the cell and ___ leaks out of the cell

Back 15

At rest, Na+ leaks into the cell and K+ leaks out of the cell.

Front 16

upon receipt of an excitatory impulse, the membrane becomes depolarized and __ channels open and allows ___ influx. This leads to depolarization of the membrane.

Back 16

Upon receipt of an excitatory impulse, the membrane becomes depolarized and Na+ channels open and allows Na+ influx. This leads to depolarization of the membrane.

Front 17

AP is an ___ phenomenon

Back 17

action potential is an 'all-or-nothing" phenomenon.

Front 18

At the end of the falling phase, the membrane potential is more negative than the resting potential, this portion of the AP is called ___ or ___

Back 18

Hyperpolarization or undershoot

Front 19

The ___ period is an inactivated period where and action potential cannot be generated

Back 19

Absolute refractory period

Front 20

___ is produced by dinoflagellates (concentrated in clams, mussels, and other shel fish that feed on marine protozoans) this is a __ channel blocker

Back 20

Saxitoxin- a Na+ channel blocker

Front 21

___ is isolated from the skin of species of Colombian frog. It causes the ___ channels to open at a more negative potential --> scrambles the info coded for AP

Back 21

Batratoxin-- Na+ channels open at a more negative potential.

Front 22

____ is produced by mamba snakes, block -___ channels in neurons --> enhancing the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions

Back 22

Dendrotoxin is produced by mamba snakes.... blocks particular subtypes of voltage-gated K+ channels in neurons, enhancing release of acetylcholine

Front 23

___ is produced by bees, selectively blocks ___ channels

Back 23

Apamin selectively blocks K+ channels.

Front 24

__ a K+channel blocker, is produced by scorpions

Back 24

Acharybdotoxin

Front 25

Lethal injections consist of:

Back 25

KCl

Front 26

T/F, Na+/K+/ATPase restores the resting potential during an AP falling phase.

Back 26

False, this pump simply maintains the concentration gradients.

Front 27

The resting potential is restored due to...

Back 27

the high permeability of K+ through the membrane in comparison to the low permeability of Na+ during the falling phase.

Front 28

_____ is a poison that inactivates the Na+/K+/ATPase pump.

Back 28

Ouabain

Front 29

___ syndrome is associated with small cell carcinoma of the lung derived from primitive neuroendocrine precursors of VGCC. Reduced release of Ach results in muscle weakness

Back 29

Lambert-Eaton Syndrome

Front 30

Multiple Sclerosis is tested via

Back 30

assessment of the optic nerve

Front 31

Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis include:

Back 31

- muscle weakness, lack of coordination, disturbances in speech.

Front 32

M.S. is caused by....

Back 32

disruption of myelination of axons of the optic nerves, brain, and spinal cord

Front 33

____ is an inherited disease that primarily affects the respiratory system

Back 33

cystic fibrosis

Front 34

cystic fibrosis is an autonomic recessive disease, in which there is a mutated gene:

Back 34

CFTR gene on chromosome 7 *from each parent