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60 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
most common radiation used for communications
RADIO
only portion of spectrum humans can see with the naked eye
VISIBLE or OPTICAL
two types of radiation used in medicine
X-RAY and GAMMA RAY
radiation perceived as heat
INFRARED (IR)
radiation that penetrates upper layers of human skin
ULTRAVIOLET (UV)
radiation with the longest wavelength
RADIO
radiation with the shortest wavelength
GAMMA RAY
radiation with the highest frequency
GAMMA RAY
radiation with the lowest frequency
RADIO
color with the highest frequency
VIOLET
color with the lowest frequency
RED
color with the longest wavelength
RED
color with the shortest wavelength
VIOLET
order of colors from low to high frequency
ROYGBV
order of radiation from long to short wavelength
RADIO, MICROWAVE, IR, VISIBLE, UV, X-RAY, GAMMA RAY
highest peak of a wave
CREST
lowest point on a wave
TROUGH
the height of a wave (from midline to crest or trough)
AMPLITUDE
how often a wave occurs
FREQUENCY
the distance from one point on a wave the the next repeating point
WAVELENGTH
as wavelength increases, frequency...
DECREASES
as wavelength increases, energy
DECREASES
as wavelength increases, speed
STAYS THE SAME
as wavelength increases, danger to life
DECREASES
As frequency increases, wavelength...
DECREASES
As frequency increases, energy...
INCREASES
As frequency increases, danger to life...
INCREASES
As frequency increases, speed...
STAYS THE SAME (assuming in a vacuum)
EM spectrum is a....
Family of waves
Do they need moving particles to transfer energy?
No
Can they travel in a vacuum?
Yes
What speed?
Speed of light (3*10^8 ms^-1)
Wave equation is:
v = f . lambda
Freq of visible light is from:
380nm (Violet) to 740nm (red)
Energy transferred is proportional to :
Frequency. hence gamma rays are most powerful, radio waves weakest
Gamma Rays: source

Nuclear reactors


Radioactive substances


Space

Gamma Rays: detector
Geiger-Muller tube and counter
Gamma Rays: applications

Medical diagnosis


Sterilisation of medical instruments


Scanning shipping containers

Gamma Rays: additional facts

Highest energy of EM spectrum


Can't penetrate earths atmosphere


Cause Ionisation, which affects living tissue

X Rays: Typical sources

Fast moving electrons colliding with metal


X ray machines in hospitals

X Rays: Detectors

Geiger Muller tube and counter


Darken photographic paper


X-ray image intensifiers

X Rays: applications

Medical imaging


Airport security


Analysis of molecules - xray crystallography

X Rays: additional facts

High energy


Can't penetrate earth's atmosphere


Cause Ionisation, which affects living tissue



UV radiation: sources

Sun


UV lamps

UV radiation: Detector

Some materials glow ( fluoresce)


UV photodiode

UV radiation: applications

Produces Vitamin D in skin


Treating skin conditions


Disinfecting hospital equipment


Use by dentists to harden composite fillings

UV radiation: additional facts

Most UV radiation blocked by atmosphere


Comes in UVA, UVB, UVC


UVC most dangerous, but blocked by ozone layer


Suntan, sunburn, skin cancer from UVA, UVB


Causes ionisation

Visible Light: Source

Sun


Lightbulbs


lasers

Visible Light: detectors

Eyes


Photodiodes


Phototransistors

Visible Light: applications

Communication through optical fibres


Lasers - eg in supermarkets


Medical uses of lasers

Infrared rays: sources

Sun


Infrared heaters

Infrared rays: Detectors

Thermopiles


Black bulb thermometers

Infrared rays: applications

Heating


Night vision


Medical diagnosis and treatment


Passive IR detectors in alarms

Infrared rays: additional facts

IR rays are responsible for heat transfer by radiation


Half the radiation received from the sun is IR


Most radiation re-emitted by Earth is IR


This regulates the planetary temperature

Microwaves: Sources
Microwave ovens
Microwaves: detectors
Radar dishes
Microwaves: applications

Ovens


Communications

Radio Waves: Sources

Radio transmitters


Space

Radio Waves: Detectors

TV/radio aerials


Radar dishes

Radio Waves: Applications
Communication