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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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During _ the olecranon process of the ulna sits into the _ of the humerus.
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extension, olecranon fossa
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Radioulnar joints (articulations and stabilizers)
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Proximal: head of radius and radial notch of unlna via anular ligament and radial/ulnar collateral ligaments
Distal: articular disk btwn ulna and radius supported by radio-ulnar ligaments Interosseous membrane between radius and ulna |
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features of annular ligament
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from lat ulna, makes complete circle around radial head; attaches into radial collateral lig
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ulnar (medial) collateral ligament bundles
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3 sections:
anterior stays taught through all elbow motion and restrains valgus F transeverse (does nothing) posterior is taut beyond 60 deg flexion |
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wrist components
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distal ulna and radius
TFCC proximal row of carpals |
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proximal carpals (lat to med)
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scaphoid
lunate triquetrum pisiform |
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distal carpals (lat to med)
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trapezium
trapezoid capitate hamate |
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numonic for carpals (proximal to distal, lateral to medial)
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Some
Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle |
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TFCC
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triangular fibrocartilaginous complex
- equalizes R/U lengths -holds distal R-U jt together -cushions btwn carpals and forearm -pronation/supination helper |
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scaphoid fractures
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likely due to distal portion projecting further than natural line of the proximal carpal bones
-sign. blood supply on dorsal surface can be coprimised and cause Preiser's disease or vascular necrosis |
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Preiser's disease
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avascular necrosis of scaphoid w/o fracture
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Radiocarpal Joint articulations
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articulation of radius w scaphoid/lunate
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radiocarpal joint ligaments
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capsular ligament
palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligs radial and ulnar collateral ligs |
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Hand/finger joint names, numbers, and abbreviations
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MCP (5) - metacarophalangeal
PIP/IP (4) - proximal interphalangeal IP (1 @ thumb) DIP (4) - distal interphalangeal |
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ligaments of the hand/fingers
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capsular ligaments around each joint w/i fingers
ulnar/radial collateral ligaments around each joint |
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3 nerves and locations wi hand
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Radial - dorsum
Ulnar - medial volar (through Guyon's canal) Median - through carpal tunnel |
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branches of radial nerve
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Deep (post. interosseus) passes through supinator and is motor for extensor forearm
Superficial runs under brachioradialis and is sensory on dorsal forearm/hand |
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median nerve info
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-passes through pronator teres
-innervates flex forearm (except FCU and 1/2 of FDP) -runs through CarpTun -recurrent branch to AbPB, OppP, 1/2 FPB, and 1st/2nd lumbricals - sensory @ palm, index, long, and med. ring finger |
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what nerve runs through pronator teres?
what nerve runs through flexor carpi ulnaris? |
median nerve through P.T.
ulnar nerve through FCU |
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ulnar nerve info
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-innerv. FCU, 1/2 of FDP, all hypothenar mm, interossei, and medial 2 lumbricals
-sensory volar/dorsal in lateral 1/2 of ring and all of pinkey |
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what is cubital tunnel syndrome?
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ulnar nerve compressed under lig of Struthers causing numbness/motor loss along medial hand into pinkly and 1/2 ring finger
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wherebranching of the brachial artery
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starts at teres major, branches above elbow to brachial profundus which creates elbow anastomosis; brachial splits into radial and ulnar arteries at elbow
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where does the radial artery run?
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runs under brachioradialis to wrist where it can be seen between radius and FCR, runs through anatomical snuffbox to become dorsal arch and deep palmar arch
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ulnar artery charachteristics
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- runs through Guyons
- helps anastomosis (along w radial) - forms superficial palmar arch |
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common digital arteries run __
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between fingers
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proper digital arteries run __
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one on each side of finger
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what is Guyon's canal?
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area in medial wrist through which ulnar nerve passes on its way to the anatomical snuffbox (i.e. passage from anterior to posterior)
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cubital fossa contents
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brachial artery
biceps brachii tendon median nerve deep veins |
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brachialis innerv
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musculocutaneous n
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triceps innerv.
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radial nerve (all three heads)
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how many forearm flexor layers are there?
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3 layers of flexors
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how many forearm extensor groups are there?
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4 groups of 3 muscles each
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Superficial layer of flexor muscles
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coming from CFT:
pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris |
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pronator teres innerv
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median nerve
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flexor carpi radialis innerv
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median nerve
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palmaris longus innerv
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median n
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flexor carpi ulnaris innerv
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ulnar n
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Intermediate layer (2 of 3) for flexor muscles:
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1 - flexor digitorum superficialis
(innerv by median nerve) |
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Deep layer of forearm flexors
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flexor diditorum profundus
flexor pollicus longus pronator quadratus |
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flexor digitorum profundus innerv
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medial 2 slips (digits 4,5) = ulnar n
lat. 2 slips (digits 2,3) = median n |
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flexor pollicus longus innerv
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median
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carpal tunnel contents
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4 FDS
4FDP FPL Median nerve |
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carpal tunnel formed by
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transverse carpal ligament crossing from hook of hamate and pisiform on ulnar side to the scaphoid and trapezium on radial side
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forearm extensor groups
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outcropping
medial lateral miscellaneous (each group has 3 muscles) |
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outcropping group of extensors
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AbPL
EPB EPL |
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Anatomical snuffbox formed by __
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AbPL and EPB tendons laterally
EPL tendon medially |
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anatomical snuffbox contents
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floor = scaphoid
branch of radial artery |
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lateral group of extensors
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brachioradialis
ECRL (extensor carpi radialis longus) ECRB |
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medial group of extensors
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extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris |
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extensor digitorum distal attachments
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main attachment to base of proximal phalanges 2-5
central slip up to middle phalanx of 2-5 2 lateral bands to base of distal phalanges 2-5 |
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Misc. group of extensors
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anconeous
supinator extensor indicis |
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radial tunnel syndrome
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arcade of frosche houses supinator and deep branch of radial nerve
*entrapment causes weakness with thumb extension and extension of MCP 2-5 |
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How to remember dorsal tunnels
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22-12-11 in 6 tunnels
2-ABL, EPB 2-ECRL, ECRB 1-EPL 2-ED, EI 1-EDM 1-ECU |
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palmar aponeurosis is a continuation of what?
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palmaris longus
(inserts deep into palmar ligaments) |
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Divisions of intrinsic hand muscles
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thenar, hypothenar, digits/phalanges
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thenar muscles
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1. flexor pollicis brevis
2. abductor pollicis brevis 3. opponens pollicis 4. adductor pollicis |
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flexor pollicis brevis innerv
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superficial head: median n
deep head: ulnar n |
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abductor pollicis brevis innerv
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median nerve
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opponens pollicis innerv
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median nerve
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adductor pollicis innerv
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ulnar nerve
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in the hand, the ulnar nerve innervates __
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-deep head of flexor pollicus brevis
-adductor pollicis |
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in the hand, the recurrent branch of the median nerve innervates __
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-superficial head of FPB
-AbPB -OppP |
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the hypothenar muscles are all innervated by ___
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ulnar nerve:
FDM AbDM OppDM |
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muscles of digits innerv by __
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palmar interossei: ulnar nerve
dorsal interossei: ulnar nerve 3rd & 4th lumbricals: ulnar nerve 1st & 2nd lumbricals: median nerve |
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lumbricals in the hand come off of what muscle tendon?
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tendons of FDP (flexor digitorum profundus)
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function of volar plate
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reinforces volar aspect of each joint
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function of flexor sheath
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- covers flexor tendons for each finger
- made of annular and cruciate ligaments, which attach to volar plate -Annular lig over proximal phal. (A2) and that over middle phal (A4) are most important |
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MP, IP, and PIP joints all have what structures?
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- joint capsule
- medial collateral lig - lateral collateral lig |
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where do interossei attach to cause ab/add?
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from FDP to MP joints (onto lateral band)
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expansions in fingers are covered by __
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-extensor hood/sagittal band (covers and holds at MP)
-triangular ligs over IP joint to hold lateral bands and central slips |
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boutonniere deformity
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dispruption of the central slip (key for PIP extension) causes lateral bands to move anteriorly and prevents full extension of digit at IP after healing
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