El Centro S1 - Respiratory

Front 1

The respiratory includes...

Back 1

Upper airways, lungs, lower airways, alveolar air sacs

Front 2

What is the respiratory systems main function?

Back 2

Aid the body in meeting its need for oxygenation and tissue perfusion.

Front 3

Where is the apex of the lungs located?

Back 3

Above the clavicle.

Front 4

The upper airways consist of these structures.

Back 4

Nose, sinuses, the pharynx, and the larynx.

Front 5

The lungs are located in the _------- cavity?

Back 5

Pleural

Front 6

The base of each lung lies where?

Back 6

Just above the diaphragm.

Front 7

The lower airways consist of these structures.

Back 7

Trachea; two mainstem bronchi; lobar, segmental, and sybsegmental bronchi; bronchioles; alveolar ducts; and alveoli.

Front 8

Describe the physical characteristics of the lungs.

Back 8

Sponge-like, elastic, and cone-shaped.

Front 9

Describe how breathing occurs.

Back 9

Through the contraction and relaxation of specific chest muscles and the diaphragm which causes changes in the size and pressure of the chest cavity. Accessory muscles aid in this process.

Front 10

Name the 2 purposes of breathing.

Back 10

1) To provide oxygen for tissue perfusion so the cells have enough oxygen to take part in metabolism. 2) To remove carbon dioxide (the major waste product of metabolism).

Front 11

What factors can affect pulmonary function?

Back 11

Age, gender, and race.

Front 12

Which allergies could affect a patients lung function?

Back 12

Drugs, foods, dust, molds, pollen, bee stings, trees, grass, animal dander, and saliva.

Front 13

Other than allergies, what other factors can affect lung function, especially in an older individual?

Back 13

Home environment (living with a smoker), community, and workplace environmental factors.

Front 14

Who has larger airways and a greater bronchial hyperreactivity? Men or Women

Back 14

Women

Front 15

Smoking history includes the use of which products?

Back 15

Cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, marijuana, and other controlled substances.

Front 16

What factors can affect a lower oxygen reading?

Back 16

Dark skin color, hx of smoking or other lung trauma, positioning and placement/ loose pulse oximeter.

Front 17

Do men or women have a risk for more rapid decline in lung function and why?

Back 17

Women; due to their larger airways and greater bronchial hyperreactivity.

Front 18

Name the acceptible locations for placement of a pulse oximeter.

Back 18

Fingertip, toe, nose, or earlobe.

Front 19

Define "orthopnea".

Back 19

Shortness of breath that occurs while lying down but is releaved by sitting up.

Front 20

Define "paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea".

Back 20

Intermittent dyspnea during sleep.

Front 21

What patient information should you have the patient describe about specific allergies?

Back 21

Specific allergic reactions to individual stimuli such as wheezing, trouble breathing, coughing, sneezing, or rhinitis.

Front 22

Which respiratory disorders have genetic manifestations?

Back 22

Cystic fibrosis, some lung cancers, and alpha-antitrypsin deficiency.

Front 23

What are some questions that you can ask the patient about daily events that can help you with thier treatment?

Back 23

Allergies, recent travel,

Front 24

Name 4 common symptoms of pneumonia.

Back 24

1) Fever with chills
2) Productive cough
3) Tachypnea
4) Bronchial breath sounds

Front 25

State 4 nursing interventions for assisting your client to cough productively.

Back 25

1) Encourage deep breathing
2) Increase fluid intake 3 L/day
3) Use humidity to loosen secretions
4) Suction airway to stimulate cough

Front 26

What symptoms of pneumonia would you expect with an older client?

Back 26

- anorexia
- confusion
- letherage
- rapid respiratory rate

Front 27

What should the O2 flow rate be set at for a COPD patient?

Back 27

Between 1-2 L by NC
**NOTE**
Too much O2 may eliminate the COPD patient's drive to breath spontaneously. COPD patient's have a hypoxic drive to breathe.

Front 28

How does a nurse prevent hypoxia during suctioning?

Back 28

Hyperoxygenate with 100% before and after endotracheal suctioning.

Front 29

During mechanical ventilation, what are 3 major nursing interventions?

Back 29

1) Monitor respiratory rate and secure connections
2) Establish a communication mechanism with the client
3) Keep airway clear by coughing and suctioning

Front 30

When examining a client with emphysema, what physical findings is the nurse likely to see?

Back 30

Barrel chest, dry or productive cough, decreased breath sounds, dyspnea, crackles in lung field.

Front 31

What is the most common risk factor associated with lung cancer?

Back 31

Smoking

Front 32

Describe the preoperative nursing care for a client undergoing a laryngectomy.

Back 32

Involve family and client in manipulation of tracheostomy equipment before surgery; plan acceptable communication methods; refer to speech pathologist; discuss rehabilitation program.

Front 33

List 5 nursing interventions after chest tube insertion.

Back 33

- Maintain a dry occlusive dressing on chest tube.
- Keep all tubing connections tight and taped.
- Monitor client's clinical status
- Encourage the client to breath deeply periodically.
- Monitor the fluid drainage and mark the time of measurement and the fluid level.

Front 34

What immediate action should the nurse take whena chest tube becomes disconnected from a bottle or suction apparatus?

Back 34

Place the end of the tube in a sterile water container at a 2cm level.

Front 35

What should the nurse do if a chest tube is accidentally removed fromt he client?

Back 35

Apply and occlusive dressing and notify health care provider stat.

Front 36

What instructions should be given to a client following radiation therapy?

Back 36

Do NOT wash off lines; wear soft cotton garmets; avoid use of powders and creams on radiation site.

Front 37

What precautions are required for clients with TB when placed on respiratory isolation?

Back 37

A mask for anyone entering room; private room; client must wear mas if leaving room.

Front 38

List 4 components of teaching for the client with tuberculosis.

Back 38

1) Coughi nto tissues and dispose immediately into special bags.
2) Long-term need for daily medication.
3) Good handwashing technique.
4) Report symptoms of deterioration (bloody sputum).