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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The respiratory includes...
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Upper airways, lungs, lower airways, alveolar air sacs
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What is the respiratory systems main function?
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Aid the body in meeting its need for oxygenation and tissue perfusion.
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Where is the apex of the lungs located?
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Above the clavicle.
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The upper airways consist of these structures.
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Nose, sinuses, the pharynx, and the larynx.
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The lungs are located in the _------- cavity?
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Pleural
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The base of each lung lies where?
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Just above the diaphragm.
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The lower airways consist of these structures.
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Trachea; two mainstem bronchi; lobar, segmental, and sybsegmental bronchi; bronchioles; alveolar ducts; and alveoli.
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Describe the physical characteristics of the lungs.
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Sponge-like, elastic, and cone-shaped.
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Describe how breathing occurs.
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Through the contraction and relaxation of specific chest muscles and the diaphragm which causes changes in the size and pressure of the chest cavity. Accessory muscles aid in this process.
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Name the 2 purposes of breathing.
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1) To provide oxygen for tissue perfusion so the cells have enough oxygen to take part in metabolism. 2) To remove carbon dioxide (the major waste product of metabolism).
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What factors can affect pulmonary function?
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Age, gender, and race.
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Which allergies could affect a patients lung function?
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Drugs, foods, dust, molds, pollen, bee stings, trees, grass, animal dander, and saliva.
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Other than allergies, what other factors can affect lung function, especially in an older individual?
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Home environment (living with a smoker), community, and workplace environmental factors.
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Who has larger airways and a greater bronchial hyperreactivity? Men or Women
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Women
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Smoking history includes the use of which products?
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Cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, marijuana, and other controlled substances.
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What factors can affect a lower oxygen reading?
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Dark skin color, hx of smoking or other lung trauma, positioning and placement/ loose pulse oximeter.
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Do men or women have a risk for more rapid decline in lung function and why?
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Women; due to their larger airways and greater bronchial hyperreactivity.
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Name the acceptible locations for placement of a pulse oximeter.
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Fingertip, toe, nose, or earlobe.
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Define "orthopnea".
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Shortness of breath that occurs while lying down but is releaved by sitting up.
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Define "paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea".
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Intermittent dyspnea during sleep.
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What patient information should you have the patient describe about specific allergies?
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Specific allergic reactions to individual stimuli such as wheezing, trouble breathing, coughing, sneezing, or rhinitis.
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Which respiratory disorders have genetic manifestations?
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Cystic fibrosis, some lung cancers, and alpha-antitrypsin deficiency.
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What are some questions that you can ask the patient about daily events that can help you with thier treatment?
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Allergies, recent travel,
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Name 4 common symptoms of pneumonia.
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1) Fever with chills
2) Productive cough 3) Tachypnea 4) Bronchial breath sounds |
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State 4 nursing interventions for assisting your client to cough productively.
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1) Encourage deep breathing
2) Increase fluid intake 3 L/day 3) Use humidity to loosen secretions 4) Suction airway to stimulate cough |
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What symptoms of pneumonia would you expect with an older client?
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- anorexia
- confusion - letherage - rapid respiratory rate |
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What should the O2 flow rate be set at for a COPD patient?
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Between 1-2 L by NC
**NOTE** Too much O2 may eliminate the COPD patient's drive to breath spontaneously. COPD patient's have a hypoxic drive to breathe. |
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How does a nurse prevent hypoxia during suctioning?
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Hyperoxygenate with 100% before and after endotracheal suctioning.
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During mechanical ventilation, what are 3 major nursing interventions?
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1) Monitor respiratory rate and secure connections
2) Establish a communication mechanism with the client 3) Keep airway clear by coughing and suctioning |
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When examining a client with emphysema, what physical findings is the nurse likely to see?
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Barrel chest, dry or productive cough, decreased breath sounds, dyspnea, crackles in lung field.
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What is the most common risk factor associated with lung cancer?
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Smoking
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Describe the preoperative nursing care for a client undergoing a laryngectomy.
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Involve family and client in manipulation of tracheostomy equipment before surgery; plan acceptable communication methods; refer to speech pathologist; discuss rehabilitation program.
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List 5 nursing interventions after chest tube insertion.
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- Maintain a dry occlusive dressing on chest tube.
- Keep all tubing connections tight and taped. - Monitor client's clinical status - Encourage the client to breath deeply periodically. - Monitor the fluid drainage and mark the time of measurement and the fluid level. |
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What immediate action should the nurse take whena chest tube becomes disconnected from a bottle or suction apparatus?
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Place the end of the tube in a sterile water container at a 2cm level.
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What should the nurse do if a chest tube is accidentally removed fromt he client?
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Apply and occlusive dressing and notify health care provider stat.
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What instructions should be given to a client following radiation therapy?
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Do NOT wash off lines; wear soft cotton garmets; avoid use of powders and creams on radiation site.
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What precautions are required for clients with TB when placed on respiratory isolation?
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A mask for anyone entering room; private room; client must wear mas if leaving room.
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List 4 components of teaching for the client with tuberculosis.
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1) Coughi nto tissues and dispose immediately into special bags.
2) Long-term need for daily medication. 3) Good handwashing technique. 4) Report symptoms of deterioration (bloody sputum). |