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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the organs of the GI tract.
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Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and rectum.
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What is the main function of the GI tract?
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Digestion of food to meet the body's nutritional needs, and the elimination of waste.
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What health problems is the GI tract most susceptible to?
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Structural or mechanical alterations, impaired motility, infection and cancer.
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List all of the funtions of the GI tract.
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Secretion, digestion, absorption, motility and elimination.
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The oral cavity includes:
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Buccal mucosa, lips, tongue, hard palate, soft palate, teeth, salivary glands, and is involved in speech, taste and mastication.
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Describe Mucin.
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An enzyme found in saliva (aka: salivary amylase/ptyalin) which begins the breakdown of carbohydrates.
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The esophagus extends from the ... to the ... ?
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pharynx to the stomach
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Mechanical movements and chemical secretions begin together in the ... ?
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Stomach
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When does the intestinal phase of digestion begin?
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As the chyme passes from the stomach into the duodenum, causing distention.
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The exocrine function of the pancreas...
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secretes enzymes needed for digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
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The endocrine part of the pancreas is made up of ... ?
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Islets of Langerhans, alpha cells to produce glucagon and beta cells producing insulin, essential in the regulation of metabolism.
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The liver performs more than 400 functions in theses 3 categories...
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Storage, protection, and metabolism.
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List the 3 main functions of the small intestines.
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Peristalsis, digestion, and absorption.
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List the 3 main functions of the large intestines.
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Movement, absorption, and eliminations.
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List the characteristics of bowel sounds.
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High-pitched, gurggling, normal (every 5-15 sec), hypoactive, hyperactive.
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When do you expect to have hypoactive (diminished/absent) bowel sounds?
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With patients who have had abdominal surgery, peritonitis or paraliytic ileus.
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What is percussion used for?
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To determine the size of solid organs; detect the presence of masses, fluid, and air; to estimate the size of the liver and spleen.
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Do you palpate or auscultate any abdominal pulsating masses?
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NO!! This could be a life-threatening aortic aneurysm.
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What lab tests do you expect to review with GI patients?
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CBC for dx of anemia and infections; coagulation studies, electrolytes, assays of serum enzymes for the evaluation of the liver and pancreas, bilirubin, ammonia, and oncofetal antigens to dx and monitor for GI cancer.
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Stool studies evaluate...?
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The function and integrity of the GI tract and detect the presence of infetions, protozoa, parasites, and blood in the stool.
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Radiographic examinations detectect...?
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Structural and functional disorders.
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What does an Upper GI radiographic series consist of?
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An x-ray to detect disorders of structure or function of the pharynx, stomach or duodenum.
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What is computed tomography?
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A non-invasive cross-sectional x-ray visualization that detects tissue densities/abnormalities in the abd.
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What is an endoscopy?
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Direct visualization of the GI tract using a flexible fiberoptic endoscope to evaluation bleeding, ulceration, inflammation, tumors, and cancer of the esophagus, stomach, biliary system or bowel.
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What is an esophagogastroduodenoscopy?
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A visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, during which a physician can inject a sclerotherapy agent into an affected are to stop bleeding.
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What is an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography?
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A visual and radiographic exam of the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas to identify the cause and location of an obstruction.
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Define colonoscopy.
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An endoscopic exam of the entire large bowel, during which tissue biopsies or polyps may be removed.
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Explain Sigmoidoscopy/proctosigmoidoscopy.
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An endoscopic exam of the rectum/sigmoid colon to screen for colon cancer, GI bleeding, or inflammatory bowel dx.
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What is an endoscopic ultrasonography used for?
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It provides high resolution images of the digestive organs to dx lymph node tumors, mucosal tumors, and tumors of the pancreas, stomach and rectum.
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What is the priority for care after an upper endoscopic procedure?
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Check for the return of the gag reflex prior to offering liquids to avoid aspiration.
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