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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What rhythm can lead to blood clots in the heart?
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Atrial Fibrillation
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What causes valves to open and close?
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pressure
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When looking at an EKG, what is considered the baseline?
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flat line between the T wave of one heart beat and the P wave of the next heart beat
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Definition: Bradycardia
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Slow heart rate <60
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Definition: Tachycardia
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Fast heart rate >100
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Definition: MET
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metabolic equivalent, a measurement of oxygen consumption
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Name the 4 chambers of the heart.
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Right atrium, Left atrium, RIght ventricle, Left ventricle
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Right Atrium Function?
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collects deoxygenated blood from the body
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Right Ventricle Function?
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pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
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Left Atrium Function?
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collects oxygenated blood from the lungs
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Left Ventricle Function
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pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body
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What is the first thing you should do when you see a change in the EKG?
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assess the patient
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Name 4 heart valves
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Pulmonic, Aortic, Tricuspid, Mitral
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Which 2 valves are semilunar valves?
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Pulmonic & Aortic
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Which 2 valves are (AV) Atrioventricular valves?
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Tricuspid & Mitral
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Pulmonic valve location:
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between right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
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Aortic valve location:
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between the left ventricle and the aorta
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Tricuspid valve location
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between the right atrium and the right ventricle
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Mitral valve location:
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between the left atrium and left ventricle
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What type is a 2:1 AV Block?
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Can be either type 1 or type 2
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Which rhythms can be lethal?
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ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation
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What event depicts repolarization?
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T wave
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What event depicts depolarization?
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QRS Complex
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How do you determine regularity?
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compare R-R intervals (distance between QRS complexes)
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How do you calculate the mean rate?
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count number of QRS's on a 6 second strip and multiply by 10
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How do you calculate heart rate (ventricular rate)?
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counting the number of QRS's in one minute
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How do you calculate the atrial rate?
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count the number of P waves in one minute
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Describe 6 Second Strip Method
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count the number of QRS's in a 6 second strip and multiply by 10
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Describe Memory Method
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the number of big blocks between QRS complexes divided into 300...
300-150-100-75-60-50-43-37-33-30 |
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Describe Little Block Method
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the number of little blocks between QRS's divided into 1500
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What are the 4 layers of the heart?
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Pericardium - double walled sac that encloses the heart
Epicardium - outermost layer Myocardium - middle & thickest layer Endocardium - thin innermost layer |
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What do you do if a patient comes in for testing with mild symptoms and stable vital signs?
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continue to test and observe the patient
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What is microshock?
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a small electrical shock made possible by a conduit, such as a pacemaker, directly in the heart
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What is macroshock?
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large electrical shock caused by improper or faulty grounding of electrical equipment
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What is antegrade?
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in a forward direction
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What is retrograde?
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in a backward direction
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What is AICD
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implanted pacemaker
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What do the 3 letters of the pacemaker code stand for?
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1st - chamber pacemaker is designed to pace
2nd - chamber sensed 3rd - response to sensed events V- ventricle A - atrium D - dual O - none I - inhibited T - triggered |
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What are the bipolar leads?
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lead 1 - right arm to left arm
lead 2 - right arm to left foot lead 3 - left arm to left foot |
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What are the augmented leads?
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aVR - right arm
aVL - left arm aVF - left foot |
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What are the precordial leads?
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chest leads
V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6 |
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What are the 3 refractory periods?
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Absolute, Relative and Supernormal
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Describe absolute refractory period
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no stimulus can cause depolarization
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Describe relative refractory period
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strong stimulus will result in depolarization
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Describe supernormal refractory period
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weak stimulus can cause depolarization
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What is the inherent rate of the sinus node?
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60-100 beats per minute
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What is the inherent rate of the AV junction?
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40-60 beats per minute
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What is the inherent rate of the ventricle?
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20-40 beats per minute
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What is the difference between WAP and multifocal atrial tachycardia?
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tachycardia
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What are the indications of a stress test?
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symptoms (chest pain, SOB), Post CABG or post angioplasty evaluation, diagnosis or treatment of exercise induced arrhythmias, follow up to cardiac rehab, family history of heart disease
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What are the contraindications of a stress test?
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Absolute - acute MI, unstable angina or angina at rest, uncontrolled ventricular rhythms, sever aortic stenosis, dissecting aneurysm, heart block greater than 1st degree
Relative - uncontrolled rapid supraventricular rhythms, frequent PVC's, uncontrolled hypertension and mild or moderate aortic stenosis |
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Causes & Adverse affects of sinus arrhythmia
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adverse effects - usually none
cause - heart disease, breathing pattern |
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Causes & Adverse affects of sinus block
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adverse effects - decreased cardiac output
cause - meds, hypoxia, vagal stimulation |
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Causes & Adverse affects of atrial flutter
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adverse effects - decreased cardiac output
cause - pulmonary embolus, valvular heart disease, lung disease, thyrotoxicosis |
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Causes & Adverse affects of PAC (paroxysmal atrial tachycardia)
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adverse effects - can lead to other dysrhythmias, can be a sign of early CHF
cause - stimulants, hypoxia, heart disease |
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Causes & Adverse affects of PJC
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adverse effects - usually none
cause - stimulants, hypoxia |
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Causes & Adverse affects of AFIB
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adverse effects - decreased cardiac output, blood clots causing stroke or pulmonary embolus
cause - MI, lung disease, valvular heart disease, hyperthyroidism |
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Causes & Adverse affects of VFIB
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adverse effects - death if untreated
cause - MI, hypoxia, hypokalema, hyperkalemia, drowning, drug overdose, accidental electric shock |
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Causes & Adverse affects of 3rd degree block
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adverse effects - decreased cardiac output
cause - MI, conduction system lesion, meds, hypoxia |
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detailed
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詳
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Baa-Ram-Uuu. The words of the sheep contained details to help Babe succeeded.
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Causes & Adverse affects of junctinal rhythms
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adverse effects - potential for decreased cardiac output at slower heart rates
cause - vagal stimulation, hypoxia, sinus node ischemia, heart disease |
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Causes & Adverse affects of sinus rhythms
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adverse effects - none
cause - normal |
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