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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the SA node rate?
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60-100
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which way does heart muscle depolarize/repolarize?
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depolarize: inside -> out
repolarize: outside -> in |
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where is the (+) for limb lead I?
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L-hand
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where is the (+) lead for lead AVF?
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L-foot
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what leads are the inferior leads?
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leads II, III and aVF
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what leads are the L-sided leads?
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leads I, II and aVL
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what leads are the R-sided precordial leads?
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V1 and V2
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how big should the R-wave be?
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3mm by V3
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where should R = S wave?
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R=S at V4
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what causes the q-wave in lead I?
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the L->R depolarization of the interventricular septum
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what is normal P-R interval
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0.12 to 0.20
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if P-R interval is short (<0.12), what are you worried about?
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WPW
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if P-R interval is long (>0.20), what are you worried about?
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heart block
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what is normal QRS interval?
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2-3 boxes (0.08-0.12)
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when does the QRS become wide?
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hyperkalemia
ventricular beat block (below His-bundle) |
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what is the definition of ST elevation?
(# of boxes) |
2 boxes/mm
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what occurs during the ST interval
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repolarization
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what is a normal QT interval
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0.30-0.40
(>0.44 is bad) |
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what are you at risk for with a QT interval (>0.40)?
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torsades de pointes
(order a Mg level) |
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how much time does a big box represent?
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0.20 sec
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how much time does a little box represent?
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0.04 sec
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how many boxes in 1 sec
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5 big boxes
(25 littles) |
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what does limb lead reversal look like compared to dextracardia?
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R wave progression (increase) on precordial leads (v1-v6)
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what happens when you have limb-lead reversal or dextracardia on ECG?
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inverted p-wave in lead I
[aVR and aVL will have opposite facing T-waves?] |
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what does WPW look like on ECG?
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slurred R-waves on precordial leads
(delta-waves) |
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if conduction is slowed in the AV node, what aspect of the ECG will be effected?
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PR segment
PR interval |
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what are the 8 steps to reading an ECG?
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rate
rhythm axis intervals hypertrophy q-waves ST-T wave changes miscellaneous |
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what lead do we look for atrial enlargement in?
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lead II
(enlargement >2.5 boxes) lead I (enlargement >1.5) |
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what does a normal size left atria look like on ECG?
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"2x2 boxes in lead II"
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if someone has recent RA enlargement with
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D-dimer looking for a PE
(only if they're ambulatory) |
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what and what lead do you look for LA enlargment?
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P-wave in:
lead II (>3 boxes or "notched") V1 (1x1 biphasic boxes) |
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what does normal axis deviation look like on ECG?
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up in lead I
up in aVF |
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what does left axis deviation (counter-clockwise) look like on ECG?
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up in lead I
down in aVF |
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what does right axis deviation (clockwise) look like on ECG?
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down in lead I
up in aVF |
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what does right superior axis deviation (NW) look like on ECG?
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down in lead I
down in aVF |
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what are the (2) causes right superior axis deviation (NW)?
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situs inversus (dextracardia)
v-tach |
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what is the tiebreaker in left-axis deviation vs normal axis?
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lead II
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what is normal axis (in degrees)?
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-30 to +90
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what does RVH look like?
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in leads V1 and V2:
R>S - (R>7) - (S<2) |
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strain?
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asymmetric t-wave inversion
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what causes RVH?
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pulmonary HTN (COPD, PE, etc)
pulmonary stenosis ventricular septal defect |
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what is an expected physical exam finding in a child with heart failure?
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hepatomegaly
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what are the (2) equations for finding LVH on ECG?
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S-wave (v1/2) + R-wave (v5/6) = >35
or aVL w/ R-wave >11 |
