Eha Chap 4

Front 1

What embryonic layers are involved in facial development?

Back 1

all 3

Front 2

The upper portion of the face is derived from what process?

Back 2

frontonasal process

Front 3

The middle portion of the face is derived from what process?

Back 3

maxillary process

Front 4

The lower portion of the face is derived from what process?

Back 4

mandibular process

Front 5

Most of the facial tissues develop by what?

Back 5

fusion

Front 6

What is the fusion of swellings or tissue on the same surface?

Back 6

facial fusion

Front 7

What is the fusion of swellings or tissue from different surfaces of the embryo?

Back 7

palatal fusion

Front 8

What marks the end of the major growth of the lower two thirds of the face?

Back 8

eruption of the permanant 3rd molars

Front 9

What is the name for the primitive mouth?

Back 9

stomodeum

Front 10

The stomodeum is limited in depth by what before the 4th week?

Back 10

oropharyngeal membrane

Front 11

The oropharyngeal membrane separates the stomodeum from what?

Back 11

primitive pharynx

Front 12

What is the first event in the development of the face?

Back 12

disintegration of the oropharyngeal membrane

Front 13

In the future, the stomodeum will give rise to what?

Back 13

oral cavity

Front 14

Oral epithelium will line the oral cavity and is derived from what?

Back 14

ectoderm

Front 15

The oral epithelium and underlying tissue will give rise to what?

Back 15

teeth and associate tissues

Front 16

After the formation of the stomodeum, two bulges of tissue appear inferior to the primitive mouth, what are they?

Back 16

mandibular processes

Front 17

The paired mandibular processes fuse at the anterior midline to form what?

Back 17

mandibular arch

Front 18

In the midline on the surface of the bondy mandible is a faint ridge called what?

Back 18

mandibular symphysis

Front 19

What is the name for where the mandible is formed by fusion of right and left processes?

Back 19

mandibular symphysis

Front 20

What mandibular arch is considered what?

Back 20

first brachial arch

Front 21

What is the name for the cartilage that forms on each side of the mandibular arch?

Back 21

Meckel's cartilage

Front 22

A part of the perichondrium surrounding Meckel's cartilage becomes what?

Back 22

ligments of the jaws and middle ear

Front 23

When have the mandibular muscle masses become well organized bilaterally into four muscles of mastication?

Back 23

10th week

Front 24

What is the future nerve of the mandibular arch?

Back 24

trigeminal nerve

Front 25

What is the futures muscles of the mandibular arch?

Back 25

muscles of mastication

Front 26

What is the future nerve of the hyoid arch?

Back 26

facial nerve

Front 27

What is the future muscles of the hyoid arch?

Back 27

muscles of facial expression

Front 28

What gives rise to the upper face, including the forehead, bridge of nose, primary palate, 4 maxillary incisors, etc?

Back 28

frontonasal process

Front 29

What is the primoridum of the eye?

Back 29

lens placodes

Front 30

What is the primordium of the ears?

Back 30

otic placodes

Front 31

What is the primordium of the eyes?

Back 31

nasal placodes

Front 32

Nasal placodes later develop into what?

Back 32

olfactory cells for smell

Front 33

What is the depression in the center of each nasal placode?

Back 33

nasal pits

Front 34

Nasal pits later form into what?

Back 34

nasal cavities

Front 35

At first, what separates the mouth (stomodeum) from the nose (nasal sacs)?

Back 35

oronasal membrane

Front 36

The middle portion of the tissue growing around the nasal placodes appears ast two crescent shaped swellings located between the nasal pits, called what?

Back 36

medial nasal processes

Front 37

The paired medial nasal processes also fuse internally and grow inferiorly on the inside of the stomodeum forming what?

Back 37

intermaxillary segment

Front 38

On the outer portion of the nasal pits are two other crescent shaped swellings called what?

Back 38

lateral nasal processes

Front 39

In the future, the lateral nasal processes form what?

Back 39

alae (sides of nose)

Front 40

What swelling grows superiorly and anteriorly on each side of the stomodeum?

Back 40

maxillary process

Front 41

The maxillary process is formed from what arch?

Back 41

mandibular arch

Front 42

The maxillary processes on each side of the developing face partially fuse with the mandibular arch to form the labial commisures, what type of fusion is this?

Back 42

facial fusion

Front 43

Failure of fusion of the maxillary processes with the medial nasal process can result in what?

Back 43

cleft lip

Front 44

Cleft lip is more likely to occur on which side?

Back 44

left side

Front 45

The maxillary process also fuses with the lateral nasal process alon the line of what, which extends from the medial corner of the eye to the nasal cavity?

Back 45

nasolacrimal gland

Front 46

The endoderm of the pharynx lines the internal portions of the branchial arches and passes into balloonlike areas called what?

Back 46

pharyngeal pouches

Front 47

The oral cavity proper and nasal cavity are lined by what?

Back 47

ectoderm

Front 48

What consists of the branchial arches?

Back 48

branchial apparatus

Front 49

What does the branchial apparatus consist of?

Back 49

branchial arches, branchial gorrves and membranes, and pharyngeal pouches

Front 50

The branchial arches are six pairs of U-shaped bars with a core mesenchyme formed by what?

Back 50

neural crest cells

Front 51

Branchial arches are covered externally by what?

Back 51

ectoderm

Front 52

Branchial arches are covered internally by what?

Back 52

endoderm

Front 53

What is the name for the 2nd branchial arch?

Back 53

hyoid arch

Front 54

What is the name for the cartilage in the 2nd branchial arch or hyoid arch?

Back 54

Reichert's cartilage

Front 55

The perichondrium surrounding Reichert's cartilage gives rise to what?

Back 55

ligament of the hyoid bone

Front 56

The 3rd branchial arch is responsible for the formation of what?

Back 56

portions of the hyoid bone

Front 57

What do the 4th and 6th branchial arches do?

Back 57

fuse and participate in the formation of most of the laryngeal cartilages

Front 58

What are the 4th and 6th branchial arches innervated by?

Back 58

9th and 10th cranial nerves

Front 59

Between neighboring branchial arches are external grooves called what?

Back 59

branchial grooves

Front 60

What pharyngeal pouch form auditory tissue?

Back 60

1st pouch

Front 61

What pharyngeal pouch from tonsilar tissue?

Back 61

2nd pouch

Front 62

What pharyngeal pouch forms glandular tissue?

Back 62

3rd and 4th pouch

Front 63

The branchial grooves occasionally do no become obliterated and thus portions remain as what?

Back 63

cervical cysts

Front 64

Where do cervical cysts drain?

Back 64

sinuses

Front 65

The body of the tongue comes from what branchial arch?

Back 65

1st

Front 66

The base of the tongue comes from what branchial arch?

Back 66

2nd, 3rd, and 4th

Front 67

The 4 maxillary incisors are from what process?

Back 67

frontonasal process

Front 68

True or False...all oral structures form from the 1st branchial arch?

Back 68

false

Front 69

Are neural crest cells endodermal or ectodermal?

Back 69

ectodermal

Front 70

What 4 processes make up the 1st branchial arch?

Back 70

2 mandibular processes
2 maxillary processes

Front 71

Does the base of the tongue live in the oral cavity?

Back 71

no

Front 72

All oral cavity structures are formed from what?

Back 72

frontonasal process and 1st branchial arch

Front 73

The base of the tongue is formed by what?

Back 73

2nd, 3rd, and 4th branchial arches