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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why is the efferent nervous system so divergent?
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There are more signals leaving the nervous system than there was going into the nervous system, and onto MANY muscle cells/target cells
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What makes the afferent nervous system very convergent?
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There are thousands of sensors going onto FEWER sensory neurons and even FEWER secondary sensory neurons until it gets to the brain (less signal going into the brain, and reducing the amount of signals entering the nervous system)
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What does the somatic motor division of the efferent nervous system control?
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Voluntary movements (Ex: Bicep curls)
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Describe the structure, target, NT, receptor, and enzyme used in the somatic motor division
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Structure: One single neuron goes from CNS --> target cell --> neuron releases ACh onto nicotinic receptors --> contraction
Target: Muscle cell NT: ACh Receptor: Nicotinic Receptor Enzyme: AChE |
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What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
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Parasympathetic and Sympathetic
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What does the parasympathetic nervous system "dominate"?
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Rest & Digest
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What does the sympathetic system dominate?
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Fight or Flight
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What are the targets in the autonomic nervous system? (3)
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1) Cardiac Tissue 2) Glands 3) Adipose Tissue
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What type of control does the autonomic nervous system maintain homeostasis with? Tonic or antagonistic
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Antagonistic
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Using Heart Rate, what does the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions do to heart rate?
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Sympathetic- increases HR
Parasympathetic - decreases HR |
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Using the Respiratory Tubes, what does the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions do to these tubes?
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Sympathetic- Allows tubes to become bigger (to run from bear)
Parasympathetic- Allows tubes to become smaller (when laying on the beach) |
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Describe how the preganglionic neuron and the postganglioinic neurons are arranged in the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems and what they release/bind to
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The preganglionic neuron is the first in the two neuron relay and this neuron comes from the CNS, which then releases ACH onto nicotinic receptors onto the ganglion to the postganglionic neuron onto the target tissue
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What neurotransmitter-receptor pair is used in the autonomic ganglion of BOTH divisons of the autonomic nervous system?
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NT: AcH
Receptor: Nicotinic |
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What is the neurotransmitter-receptor pair used in the postganglionic synapse in the sympathetic division?
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Postganglionic Neuron: Norepinephrine
Target Tissue Receptor: Adrenergic Receptor |
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How does the parasympathetic system affect heart rate?
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Slows HR
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How does the parasympathetic system affect salivation?
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Increases salivation
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How does the parasympathetic system affect digestion?
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Increase digestion
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How does the parasympathetic system affect airways?
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Constrict
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Describe how the alpha-adrenergic receptor affects blood vessels in response to a sympathetic stimulus with norepinephrine?
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Makes blood vessels smaller
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Describe how the beta-adrenergic receptor affects blood vessels in response to a sympathetic stimulus stimulated with norepinephrine?
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Makes blood vessels bigger
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What type of receptors do chromafin cells have?
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nicotinic receptors
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What type of NT is released from chromafin cells?
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epinephrine
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Where is NT released to from the chromafin cells?
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Directly into the blood
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What is the postganglionic NT and target tissue receptor in the parasympathetic division?
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NT: Ach
Target tissue receptor: Muscarinic Receptors on target tissues |
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What type of response do nicotinic receptors cause?
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FAST
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What type of response do muscarinic receptors cause?
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SLOW
Some cause hyperpolarization and inhibit a reaction, some cause depolarization and excite a reaction |
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How many muscarinic receptors will each tissue have?
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One
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