Ees 101 Iii--3Rd Column

Front 1

Epicenter

Back 1

The point on the Earth's surface that is located directly above the focus of an earthquake

Front 2

Hypocenter

Back 2

The hypocenter is the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts. Also known as focus

Front 3

Focus

Back 3

same as hypocenter

Front 4

Hanging Wall

Back 4

occurs above the fault plane

Front 5

Foot Wall

Back 5

the footwall all occurs below the fault

Front 6

Normal Fault

Back 6

the crust is extended. Hanging wall comes down relative to footwall

--->

Front 7

Reverse Fault

Back 7

the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall

Front 8

Strike Slip Fault

Back 8

are vertical (or nearly vertical) fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally

Front 9

Right-lateral (or Dextral) Fault

Back 9

If the block opposite an observer looking across the fault moves to the right

Front 10

Left-lateral (or Sinestral) Fault

Back 10

If the block opposite an observer looking across the fault moves to the left

Front 11

Oblique Slip Fault

Back 11

fault which has a component of dip-slip and a component of strike-slip.
--defining a fault as oblique requires both dip and strike components to be measurable and significant

Front 12

Thrust Fault

Back 12

rocks of lower stratigraphic position are pushed up and over higher strata. They place older rock above younger.
-- a reverse fault with a dip of 45� or less

Front 13

Fault Trace

Back 13

The fault trace is the intersection of a fault with the ground surface; also, the line commonly plotted on geologic maps to represent a fault.

Front 14

Fault Scarp

Back 14

The fault scarp is the feature on the surface of the earth that looks like a step caused by slip on the fault. Displacement above ground.

Front 15

Blind Fault

Back 15

A thrust fault that does not rupture all the way up to the surface so there is no evidence of it on the ground. It is "buried" under the uppermost layers of rock in the crust.

Front 16

Tsunami

Back 16

a series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water, typically an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami.

Front 17

Elastic Rebound

Back 17

an explanation for how energy is spread during earthquakes. As plates on opposite sides of a fault are subjected to force and shift, they accumulate energy and slowly deform until their internal strength is exceeded. At that time, a sudden movement occurs along the fault, releasing the accumulated energy, and the rocks snap back to their original undeformed shape.

Front 18

Stick-Slip

Back 18

Stick slip refers to the fast movement that occurs between two sides of a fault when the two sides of the fault become unstuck. The rock becomes distorted, or bent, but holds its position until the earthquake occurs. When the rock snaps back into an unstrained position it is called elastic rebound. Stick-slip displacement on a fault radiates energy in the form of seismic waves, creating an earthquake.

Front 19

Seismic Waves

Back 19

waves of energy that travel through the earth, and are a result of an earthquake, explosion, or a volcano that imparts low-frequency acoustic energy.

Front 20

Surface Waves

Back 20

only transmitted through surface. move slowworm cause majority of shaking

Front 21

Body Waves

Back 21

seismic waves that travel through the earth

Front 22

Compressional Waves

Back 22

wave that induces the particles in the rock to vibrate back and forth in the same direction the wave moves.

Front 23

Shear Waves

Back 23

component parallel to a given surface, such as a fault plane, that results from forces applied parallel to the surface or from remote forces transmitted through the surrounding rock.

Front 24

P-waves

Back 24

trade by compression of rock. They are the fastest

Front 25

S-waves

Back 25

Travel by shear in got rock, since fluids do not support shear stresses
--S-waves cannot travel through liquids

Front 26

R (Rayleigh) waves

Back 26

vertical wave (slow)

Front 27

L (Love) waves

Back 27

shear ground side to side perpendicular to wave motion (slow)

Front 28

Surface Waves

Back 28

only transmitted through surface. move slowworm cause majority of shaking

Front 29

Body Waves

Back 29

seismic waves that travel through the earth

Front 30

Compressional Waves

Back 30

wave that induces the particles in the rock to vibrate back and forth in the same direction the wave moves.

Front 31

Shear Waves

Back 31

component parallel to a given surface, such as a fault plane, that results from forces applied parallel to the surface or from remote forces transmitted through the surrounding rock.

Front 32

P-waves

Back 32

trade by compression of rock. They are the fastest

Front 33

S-waves

Back 33

Travel by shear in got rock, since fluids do not support shear stresses
--S-waves cannot travel through liquids

Front 34

R (Rayleigh) waves

Back 34

vertical wave (slow)

Front 35

L (Love) waves

Back 35

shear ground side to side perpendicular to wave motion (slow)