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10 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

The spherical shape of the earth contributes to a net radiation deficit at high latitudes because (choose all that apply):


a. During the northern hemisphere summer, no sunlight hits the North Pole.


b. The same amount of radiation is spread over a larger area at high latitudes compared to lower latitudes.


c. The same amount of radiation travels through less atmosphere at high latitudes compared to lower latitudes.


d. The most radiation hits north of the equator in the Northern Hemisphere summer and south of the equator in the Southern Hemisphere summer.

b. The same amount of radiation is spread over a larger area at high latitudes compared to lower latitudes.

Precipitation in North America is low in much of the west, but gradually increases eastward because (choose all that apply):


a. the prevailing westerlies bring moist air off of the Pacific Ocean that meets the big western mountain ranges


b. the orographic effect


c. as moisture-laden air rises up the west coast of mountain ranges, it loses its moisture as it cools and condenses, drying out at higher elevations


d. intense evaporation near the equator leads to heavy rainfall when warm air rises and then condenses in upper atmosphere

a, b, c

True or false:


At acidic pH, non-crystalline aluminosilicate minerals like allophane and imogolite have a net negative charge.

False

True or false:


When the dry, warm air of the poleward circulating Hadley cell begins to cool, it sinks, leading to bands of intense evaporation between 45-60 degrees. These are called the Horse Latitudes.

False - the horse latitudes are actually belts of calm air and little precipitation located at 30 degrees north and south.

True or false:


Over time, as rocks weather into soil, soils become enriched in Mg, Ca, and Si, and depleted in Al and Fe.

False - it is actually opposite.

Annual plant growth is greatest in near the equator compared to the region from 15-30 degrees latitude. This is likely to to variation in which of the "state factors" identified by Hans Jenny?


a. relief


b. organisms


c. parent material


d. climate


e. time

D. Climate

The following soil colloids give soils cation exchange capacity at the soil pH that you usually encounter them (select all that apply):


a. iron and aluminum oxides


b. humus


c. layered silicate clays


d. non-crystalline aluminosilicate mineralse. primary minerals

b. humus & c. layered silicate clays

Weathering rates are most rapid where (choose all that apply):


a. precipitation rates are high


b. parent material rocks have low surface area to volume ratio


c. minerals are predominantly iron and aluminum oxides and hydroxides


d. minerals are predominantly calcium and magnesium carbonates


e. mean annual temperatures are cold

A and D

Strong seasonality at temperate latitudes is caused by (choose all that apply):


a. the spherical shape of the earth


b. the Coriolis effect


c. the tilt of the earth on its axis


d. earth's orbit around the sun


e. the Gulf Stream


f. both c. and d. together

F

True or False? At basic (high) pH, silicate clays have a net negative charge.

Truuuuu