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12 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

Purpose of education

  • Integrate individuals into society?
  • Foster growth of citizenship, personal growth and occupational skills?
  • Intellectual, political, economic and social skills?

  • Social sciences - potential ability of education to rise above societal inequalities and reduce them

SEN

Speical Educational Needs


  • First used in 1980s
  • Overlap between SEN and Disability, but not all SEN children are disabled and vice versa.


Segregation

Speical schools for maladjusted and educationally sub-normal

Integration

Putting children with Special Educational Needs into mainstream schools, and hoping they can adapt


Implies demise of Special schools


Seen as good idea that can may not always work, as very circumstantial (child, school, peers, etc)

Inclusive education

Developing fully inclusive environments with associated ethos.


To adapt educational classrooms, so they are responsive to a heterogeneous group of learners, rather than attempt to 'fit' children for 'regular classroom'.

Approaches to education

Same as with approaches to disability - these differ!


E.g.



  • 'Child deficit' model of disability = special, isolationist schools
  • Social rights model of disability = inclusive education

Issues with Segregation

  • Self-fulfilling prophecy that children with impairments have been socialised in a way to foster low-self expectations of success in education or in work
  • Special education system fails disabled children in all manner of ways
  • Oliver argues special schools similar to welfare services in that they are dominated by professionals, are patronising and fail to offer disabled people choice or control

Issues with Segregation:

Speical schools

4% pupils attain A-C grades at GCSEs


  1. SEN have narrower curriculum
  2. Schools enter less than 1/3 for GCSEs
  3. Low expectations of teachers constrain the performance of disabled people.

    'Survivors' of the special school system argue for its abolition

Arguments for Special schools

  1. Deaf schools provide Deaf role models in order to combat oppression and develop strong identities as Deaf people
  2. Mainstream schools don't integrate children well, which can negatively affect the child.

    The first argument is powerful, whereas second highlights issues of the system, as opposed to reason to succumb to it.

Inclusive education:

Diversity

Accommodation for all diversity, not just disability


Moral position which values and respects every individual and which welcomes diversity as a rich learning resource.

Desirable 'school for all' which celebrates differences, supports learning and responds to individual needs to make education more effective.

Inclusive education:

How?

Mostly not assuming one thing works for all people

Technologies:



  • Assistive learning software
  • Recordings/digital resources
  • Use of computer

Architecture:


  • Ramps/accessible doorways
  • Good signage

    Teaching:
  • Sufficient abilities of teacher to deal with SEN needs
  • Teaching assistants if possible
  • The attitude of teachers - give same aspirations to SEN kids as non-SEN kids.
  • Working with child to figure out what helps them

Peers


  • Need to sort out bullying/abuse if exists
  • Make sure spaces at food tables

Inclusive education:

Issues

  • Chicken/Egg situation with society - we want to society to change, and education is a way to change it. But the education system itself is hard to change without a change to societal attitudes - from teachers to governing boards to government itself.

  • Huge undertaking for system to change in a dramatic way - expensive, time consuming, requires retraining