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161 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Janet Spence came up with...
Internal Calculus
What is internal calculus
Our definition of masculine and feminine becomes much more idiosyncratic (more individualized) in beginning

ex) what i think is really cool @ 20 years old isnt what i thought was really cool at 12 years old
Males are ...
XY
Females are...
XX
Kleinfelters syndrome is.
XXY= male has small testes, highly aggressive, infertile
What is Turners syndrome
XO= incomplete female; has sex organs but they're infertile
Androgen insensitivity
fetus will be female if theres no androgen present, if its a boy->male fetus begins to produce androgen, once in awhile, fetus is insensitive to androgen so now you get an incomplete female
Gender is determined....
at birth
Freud argued that recognition of one's gender is a result of...
hormonal activity
Social learning: _______
where gender identity becomes an inductive process, how they're treated is how they form their gender identity
Moaney argued that he could make gender changes prior to ________ and they'd accept it
18 mo

story of john->joan (born male, botched circumcision, wasnt successful, ended up killing himself)
What does the story of John/Joan say?
Argues a case for biology, not to say environment has no influence
Social learning: cognitive development:________
initially identified as lil boy or girl
David Lynn said gender identity has 3 levels....
1. Preference
2. Adaptation
3. internalization
Preference:
(MOST SUPERFICIAL)
everyone knows girls wanna bake, boys wanna hunt grizzlies
Adaptation
what kind of behavior do you engage in?
Internalization
(DEEPEST LEVEL)
you view the world as male or female (very difficult to fake) only revealed through projective testing
David lynn 3 levels of gender identity: What if theres conflict?
You have to realize this is a pluralistic society (you can choose among several values)
Whats the double standard and where does it come from?
Victorian times

Its expected of male to have sexual experience prior to marriage but a girl must remain chaste
Research indicates by age _____ that most have had some kind of sexual activity
20
There is a rise in sexual activity by age 20 especially in ___________
caucasian females
True/false: The double standard is gradually disappearing
TRUE
In high school, sexual attitude is....
I'll have sex with you, with affection--> like serial monogamy: sex is ok, but one partner at a time
Sexual revolution occurred
in the 20's and 30's
Explain the sexual revolution
American troops going overseas, French werent as conservative as Americans, after WWI, Freud and his thinking started to come into American society
Sex with affection and committment=
responsibility
With with affection and no commitment=
close to highschool point --> male argues theres no responsibility
Sex without affection=
goes with prostitution, friends with benefits, "hooking up"--> go on a date, great lets go to bed
Sex with an alterior motive->
sex as a a way of control, significant ramifications

Boys=had sexual experience bc opportunity was there
Girls=motivated by affection
Example of sex with an alterior motive:
boys saying "if you dont sleep with me, ill leave you"
After first time of having sex, boys report ____ physical pleasure than girls
MORE
____ of all rapes are unreported
1/2
Vestiges of ___ are still witnessed in court cases
Double standard
High schools are dealing with increasing # of _______
pregnancies
Are there more pregnant women now or 20s and 30s?
THEN
More married or unmarried pregnancies?
unmarried
Country with the greatest # of 15-19 year old pregnancies outside of Russian federation is ________
the US
About ______ of teen pregnancies go to full term
1/2
If pregnancy goes to full term, about ____ of moms keep the baby
95%
Once a mom keeps her baby how is educational attainment affected?
it is less
What does Title 9 mean for teen moms?
School cant deny mom the education she wants (unless she has poor health or represents a danger to others)
What is the leading cause of conflict between kid and parent?
SOCIAL CUSTOMS-->NOT academics
What are the 3 parenting styles?
1. Authoritative
2. Authoritarian
3. Permissive
Authoritative
parents maintain control but involve kids as much as possible

*BEST OUTCOMES

PUnishment tends to be PSYCHOLOGICAL
Authoritarian
marines, run the show "My way of the highway"

Tends to use physical punishment
Permissive
allows kid to do exactly what they want. Problems because kids dont know their limits or boundaries
Theres a __% increased risk of an abused child to become an abuser
30
Most abused kids ..........
wont tell you anything about abuse
Signs about trouble in regards to abuse?
chronic inadequate lunch, kid that comes to school very early and wants to stay late
True/False: Homeschool kids are sometimes abused
TRUE
What are defense mechanisms?
Ego device, trying to cope with anxiety (from id=unconscious impulses) superego (anxiety produced by moral conflict or environment)
Defense mechanisms are only _______
partially satisfying
What is the most basic defense mechanism?
Repression
What is one of the most positive defense mechanisms
sublimination
what is sublimination?
creative displacement, individual finds an activity that pulls them away from anxiety
What is an example of sublimination?
Breakup with boyfriend, now I'll hit the books
What is repression?
a way of burrying things

outta sight, it isnt there
What is rationalization?
invent good (instead of real) reasons

We learn very quickly that telling a little white lie is better than telling the truth

convenient excuses
What is an example of displacement?
A mother yelling at her child because she got in a fight with her husband

player makes a bad shot and throw raquet across net
What is projection?
Ascribe your feelings to someone else

ex) person ascribes their romantic feelings to how how you feel about them

feelings of hostility they see in others around them are really their own
What defense mechanism is common in paranoia?
projection
What is identification?
The unconscious modeling of one's self upon another person's character and behavior.
Explain identification: narcissism
If i associate with you, it reflects well on me

ex) the guy dating the most beautiful girl would ask "what do you think" so it would reflect well on him
Goal-directed identification
by interacting with someone you hope it will get you something

ex) a boy who hangs out with jocks
Compensation
make up for a deficiency in one area by success in another
Fantasy: how detailed it becomes...
beginning to substitute for reality
What is the royal road to schizo?
FANTASY...substituting fantasy for reality
What is regression?
Temporary reversion of the ego to an earlier stage of development rather than handling unacceptable impulses in a more adult way.
Whats an example of regression?
temper tantrum

engaging in behavior below your age

change in sleep patterns-->suddenly sleeps much longer, take naps (escape or avoidance procedure), depression-->overeating, going back to a more primitive behavior
What is denial?
an event has occurred but you refuse to note the significance of the event
Reaction formation
Converting unconscious wishes or impulses that are perceived to be dangerous into their opposites; behavior that is completely the opposite of what one really wants or feels; taking the opposite belief because the true belief causes anxiety. This defense can work effectively for coping in the short term, but will eventually break down
Example of reaction formation?
A parent who unconsciously resents a child spoils the child with outlandish gifts
EVERYONE uses defense mechanisms, it is when they become ________ that you're dealing with issues regarding neurotic behavior (possess chronic anxiety)
highly compartmentalized
What is anxiety hysteria?
Individual constantly beset with anxiety about everything. Individual tries to find something in environment to worry about
What is conversion hysteria?
person displaces anxiety and places it onto disability

ex)suddenly go blind, suddenly cant walk
Hypochondriac
convert stress into an ailment
Phobia
individual has somehow generalized fear and makes every attempt to avoid the situation
OCD
bound in rigid lifestyle, wanna control their environment

Their rituals have an almost magical quality
What are some good occupations for OCD?
kindergarten, 1st grade, CPA
Dissociation
amnesia, case of repression, in which the individual avoids the problem because they can no longer remember it
Dissociation is an extreme form of _______
repression
What is psychotic behavior?
loss of impulse control and some biochemical causes
Schizophrenia
"split thought": have a couple of overriding phenomenon. Bizarre thinking, breakdwon in the cognitive effective pattern (ex=laughing at funerals)
Schizo can be either:
1. Reactive (onset is very sudden)
2. Process (started off college, then with time start to go downhill)
What are the 4 types of schizo?
1. Disorganized
2. Catatonic
3. Paranoid
4. Undifferentiated
What is an example of undifferentiated schizo?
Problems with language (ex. guy that knocked on psychiatrists door because of the "please knock" sign)
What is catatonic schizo?
remain motionless, frozen in time and space; refuses to listen or obey. Begin to develop edema, sometimes refuse to eat

When they come out, they are extremely agitated or depressed
What type of schizo has the best prognonsis of recovery?
Catatonic schizo--> shock therapy
What is paranoid schizo?
dangerous; especially because the delusional system can change

rokeach @ ypsilant=went to state institution and brough together 3 people who thought they were jesus christ-->convinced david he was the son of Madam Yetti
What is the biology behind schizo?
Excessive dopamine and unusual activity in frontal lobe
Depression, chemical basis...
serotonin (which is associated with pleasure)
Depression, how many have it?
millions
Depression, men and women handle problems differently?
YES, women will worry about it
Depression, medication used?
YES but problem is that they are linked with suicide
Bipolar, how difficult is it to identify?
VERY
Famous person who had bipolar?
Edgar allen poe
NT associated with bipolar
serotonin and epinepherine
2 kinds of running away
1. Intent: more liekly to stay away, but not always

2. transient: has run away but isnt commited to stay away permanently
What are "throwaways"?
Parents just give up
What happens the longer the runaway stays away? Why?
The more difficult it is to come back (highschool)

Loss feeling of cohort`
2 best predictors of suicide
1. depression
2. previous suicide event/attempt
Is suicide normally an impulsive act?
No, PLANNED
Before what age is suicide maybe an accident?
13-14
What does the gender research on suicide say?
girls attempt more often than boys, but boys are more successful because the use of violent means
What stage of depression does suicide normally occur during?
NOT during the deepest part, normally when they're starting to come out
How is suicide sadomasochistic?
Its impact on others, and it hurts selves
The holidays have an _____ risk of suicide
INCREASED
_______% of delinquents are girls, ____% are boys
25 girls

75 boys
Boy or girl juvenile more likely to be arrested?
Boy
Alot of delinquents suffer from...
ADD
The earlier the delinquency occurred, the ______ likely of being able to straighten them out
LESS
Adelaide Johnson worked with delinquency and explained two types:
1. social delinquency: these kids socialized into delinquent behavior

2. non-social delinquency: kids acting out parental frustrations (any S.E.S)
Is putting kids in hard time a good idea?
NO, its a mistake
Prime reason for 1st time using substance?
Curiosity
Is there any way of predicting whether an individual will become addicted or have some tolerance?
NO
What is very difficult ot quit?
Heroine
Addiction can be either:
1. psychological = ppl need to it to control mood, etc

2. physiological - if you hvae withdrawal symptoms
WIth psyhological addiction, you are ______ to have withdrawal symptoms
unlikely
When you start using substances for emotional reasons, personal problems---> _________
increase dependency
Solomon and Corbin's A & B processes
A=rapid
B=slower (opponent)
Describe the opponent process
The theory was supported in a study Solomon conducted along with J.D. Corbit in 1974, in which the researchers analyzed the emotions of skydivers. It was found that beginners have greater levels of fear than more experienced skydivers, but less pleasure upon landing. In the opponent process model, this is the result of a shift over time from fear to pleasure in the fear-pleasure emotion pair.
According to opponent-process theory, drug addiction is the result of an emotional pairing of pleasure and the emotional symptoms associated with withdrawal. Initially, there are high levels of pleasure and low levels of withdrawal. Over time, however, as the levels of pleasure from using the drug decrease, the levels of withdrawal symptoms from not taking the drug increase, thus providing motivation to use the drug despite a lack of pleasure from it.
True/False: Opiates are extremely addictive
TRUE
Heroin used to be just about sniffing but now...
it can be taken orally
With heroin, going cold turkey is...
extremely painful because when you stop using, body stops producing endorphins
Morphine, what produced a generation of morphine addcits?
WWIII
Methadone is addcitive but...
reduces the craving for heroine
Heroin can be diluted with by _____ or _____
Sugar

Quanine (cant estimate purity of heroin with this)
Demerol is a
pain killer, administered by prescription
What is oxycotton?
Pain reliever, very difficult to get off of
What is considered hillbilly heroin?
oxycotton
What are drugs that are stimulants?
Crack, cocaine
What do stimulants do?
Excite the CNS, inhibit reuptake, prevent refractory period from occurring
What is coke?
used to be known as frat and sorority drug

crack is a more pure form of coke->smoke
BENNYS...
try to stay awake
What are barbituates
Downers, depressants
Psych AND Phys dependent
What stage of sleep is the most frequent?
REM
Marijuanna
THC
effects vary
substance has been accused of genetic damge
Largest unemployment group among teens?
black males
Police on edge during which season?
summer
Latinos--> Mexican americans... how do ppl from south america feel about this term?
Dont wanna be seen as mexican americans because they consider themsleves European
Whats the fastest growing minority group?
Mexican americans
In regards to mexican americans, Idea of overriding majority group as Caucasian in urban areas is ________
disappearing
There is a high dropout rate among ...
Latin american students
When spanish is the only language spoken at home, it makes it difficult at school becauyse
tradition values at home may conflict iwth class values

ex) challenging a teachers perception, or asking a question not done because at home qu4estions considered disrespect
Among latin americans, sex education is considered a....
NO NO
What is the common element among Southern ute and Navajo
lack of academic models
Souther ute speak _____ at school, navajo speak ______ at school
english

navajo
Navajo is ______ from english
SO different
About _____ of Navajo go from kindergarten to graduating high school
1/5
Reservation life is very bleak, explain
Crime and alcoholism is prevalent
Police not strong
Violence is a way of life
[On the Navajo reservation, this is changing]
Hogong=
octanol shaped building, kitchen was an oil drum leading to the ceiling, kids would come home and take care of siblings
In navajo, 5th graders read at ____ level
2nd grade
What is the unemployment rate on the REZ?
50-60%
All inheritance goes through ________
the mothers side
Bureau of indian affairs-->purpose of education was:
To break the back of American Native culture; try to get rid of savage in student
Among Native american adolescents, suicide rate is ___x national average
3
What southern ute wanted to be?
no different than caucasian till 4th or 5th grade, then they looked forward to going back to the rez after graduation (similar to navajo)
Native americans intent to assimilate into urban areas is a _______
failure
There is probably a genetic deficiency among Native Americans, leading to a ....
difficulty to metabolize alcohol
True/False: Navajo nation and southern ute have been trying to gain control of their educational system, how are some the ways this is shown?
paid extremely well to teachers that taught navajo--> but werent interested in teaching them, teachers would cut class, not show up
Who has the highest standard of living among minorities?
Asian americans