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161 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Janet Spence came up with...
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Internal Calculus
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What is internal calculus
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Our definition of masculine and feminine becomes much more idiosyncratic (more individualized) in beginning
ex) what i think is really cool @ 20 years old isnt what i thought was really cool at 12 years old |
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Males are ...
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XY
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Females are...
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XX
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Kleinfelters syndrome is.
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XXY= male has small testes, highly aggressive, infertile
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What is Turners syndrome
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XO= incomplete female; has sex organs but they're infertile
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Androgen insensitivity
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fetus will be female if theres no androgen present, if its a boy->male fetus begins to produce androgen, once in awhile, fetus is insensitive to androgen so now you get an incomplete female
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Gender is determined....
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at birth
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Freud argued that recognition of one's gender is a result of...
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hormonal activity
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Social learning: _______
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where gender identity becomes an inductive process, how they're treated is how they form their gender identity
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Moaney argued that he could make gender changes prior to ________ and they'd accept it
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18 mo
story of john->joan (born male, botched circumcision, wasnt successful, ended up killing himself) |
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What does the story of John/Joan say?
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Argues a case for biology, not to say environment has no influence
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Social learning: cognitive development:________
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initially identified as lil boy or girl
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David Lynn said gender identity has 3 levels....
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1. Preference
2. Adaptation 3. internalization |
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Preference:
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(MOST SUPERFICIAL)
everyone knows girls wanna bake, boys wanna hunt grizzlies |
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Adaptation
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what kind of behavior do you engage in?
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Internalization
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(DEEPEST LEVEL)
you view the world as male or female (very difficult to fake) only revealed through projective testing |
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David lynn 3 levels of gender identity: What if theres conflict?
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You have to realize this is a pluralistic society (you can choose among several values)
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Whats the double standard and where does it come from?
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Victorian times
Its expected of male to have sexual experience prior to marriage but a girl must remain chaste |
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Research indicates by age _____ that most have had some kind of sexual activity
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20
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There is a rise in sexual activity by age 20 especially in ___________
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caucasian females
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True/false: The double standard is gradually disappearing
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TRUE
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In high school, sexual attitude is....
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I'll have sex with you, with affection--> like serial monogamy: sex is ok, but one partner at a time
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Sexual revolution occurred
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in the 20's and 30's
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Explain the sexual revolution
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American troops going overseas, French werent as conservative as Americans, after WWI, Freud and his thinking started to come into American society
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Sex with affection and committment=
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responsibility
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With with affection and no commitment=
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close to highschool point --> male argues theres no responsibility
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Sex without affection=
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goes with prostitution, friends with benefits, "hooking up"--> go on a date, great lets go to bed
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Sex with an alterior motive->
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sex as a a way of control, significant ramifications
Boys=had sexual experience bc opportunity was there Girls=motivated by affection |
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Example of sex with an alterior motive:
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boys saying "if you dont sleep with me, ill leave you"
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After first time of having sex, boys report ____ physical pleasure than girls
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MORE
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____ of all rapes are unreported
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1/2
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Vestiges of ___ are still witnessed in court cases
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Double standard
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High schools are dealing with increasing # of _______
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pregnancies
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Are there more pregnant women now or 20s and 30s?
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THEN
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More married or unmarried pregnancies?
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unmarried
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Country with the greatest # of 15-19 year old pregnancies outside of Russian federation is ________
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the US
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About ______ of teen pregnancies go to full term
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1/2
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If pregnancy goes to full term, about ____ of moms keep the baby
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95%
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Once a mom keeps her baby how is educational attainment affected?
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it is less
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What does Title 9 mean for teen moms?
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School cant deny mom the education she wants (unless she has poor health or represents a danger to others)
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What is the leading cause of conflict between kid and parent?
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SOCIAL CUSTOMS-->NOT academics
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What are the 3 parenting styles?
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1. Authoritative
2. Authoritarian 3. Permissive |
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Authoritative
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parents maintain control but involve kids as much as possible
*BEST OUTCOMES PUnishment tends to be PSYCHOLOGICAL |
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Authoritarian
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marines, run the show "My way of the highway"
Tends to use physical punishment |
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Permissive
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allows kid to do exactly what they want. Problems because kids dont know their limits or boundaries
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Theres a __% increased risk of an abused child to become an abuser
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30
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Most abused kids ..........
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wont tell you anything about abuse
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Signs about trouble in regards to abuse?
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chronic inadequate lunch, kid that comes to school very early and wants to stay late
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True/False: Homeschool kids are sometimes abused
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TRUE
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What are defense mechanisms?
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Ego device, trying to cope with anxiety (from id=unconscious impulses) superego (anxiety produced by moral conflict or environment)
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Defense mechanisms are only _______
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partially satisfying
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What is the most basic defense mechanism?
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Repression
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What is one of the most positive defense mechanisms
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sublimination
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what is sublimination?
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creative displacement, individual finds an activity that pulls them away from anxiety
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What is an example of sublimination?
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Breakup with boyfriend, now I'll hit the books
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What is repression?
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a way of burrying things
outta sight, it isnt there |
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What is rationalization?
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invent good (instead of real) reasons
We learn very quickly that telling a little white lie is better than telling the truth convenient excuses |
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What is an example of displacement?
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A mother yelling at her child because she got in a fight with her husband
player makes a bad shot and throw raquet across net |
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What is projection?
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Ascribe your feelings to someone else
ex) person ascribes their romantic feelings to how how you feel about them feelings of hostility they see in others around them are really their own |
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What defense mechanism is common in paranoia?
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projection
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What is identification?
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The unconscious modeling of one's self upon another person's character and behavior.
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Explain identification: narcissism
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If i associate with you, it reflects well on me
ex) the guy dating the most beautiful girl would ask "what do you think" so it would reflect well on him |
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Goal-directed identification
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by interacting with someone you hope it will get you something
ex) a boy who hangs out with jocks |
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Compensation
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make up for a deficiency in one area by success in another
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Fantasy: how detailed it becomes...
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beginning to substitute for reality
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What is the royal road to schizo?
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FANTASY...substituting fantasy for reality
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What is regression?
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Temporary reversion of the ego to an earlier stage of development rather than handling unacceptable impulses in a more adult way.
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Whats an example of regression?
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temper tantrum
engaging in behavior below your age change in sleep patterns-->suddenly sleeps much longer, take naps (escape or avoidance procedure), depression-->overeating, going back to a more primitive behavior |
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What is denial?
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an event has occurred but you refuse to note the significance of the event
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Reaction formation
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Converting unconscious wishes or impulses that are perceived to be dangerous into their opposites; behavior that is completely the opposite of what one really wants or feels; taking the opposite belief because the true belief causes anxiety. This defense can work effectively for coping in the short term, but will eventually break down
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Example of reaction formation?
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A parent who unconsciously resents a child spoils the child with outlandish gifts
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EVERYONE uses defense mechanisms, it is when they become ________ that you're dealing with issues regarding neurotic behavior (possess chronic anxiety)
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highly compartmentalized
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What is anxiety hysteria?
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Individual constantly beset with anxiety about everything. Individual tries to find something in environment to worry about
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What is conversion hysteria?
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person displaces anxiety and places it onto disability
ex)suddenly go blind, suddenly cant walk |
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Hypochondriac
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convert stress into an ailment
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Phobia
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individual has somehow generalized fear and makes every attempt to avoid the situation
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OCD
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bound in rigid lifestyle, wanna control their environment
Their rituals have an almost magical quality |
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What are some good occupations for OCD?
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kindergarten, 1st grade, CPA
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Dissociation
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amnesia, case of repression, in which the individual avoids the problem because they can no longer remember it
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Dissociation is an extreme form of _______
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repression
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What is psychotic behavior?
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loss of impulse control and some biochemical causes
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Schizophrenia
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"split thought": have a couple of overriding phenomenon. Bizarre thinking, breakdwon in the cognitive effective pattern (ex=laughing at funerals)
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Schizo can be either:
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1. Reactive (onset is very sudden)
2. Process (started off college, then with time start to go downhill) |
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What are the 4 types of schizo?
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1. Disorganized
2. Catatonic 3. Paranoid 4. Undifferentiated |
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What is an example of undifferentiated schizo?
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Problems with language (ex. guy that knocked on psychiatrists door because of the "please knock" sign)
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What is catatonic schizo?
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remain motionless, frozen in time and space; refuses to listen or obey. Begin to develop edema, sometimes refuse to eat
When they come out, they are extremely agitated or depressed |
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What type of schizo has the best prognonsis of recovery?
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Catatonic schizo--> shock therapy
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What is paranoid schizo?
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dangerous; especially because the delusional system can change
rokeach @ ypsilant=went to state institution and brough together 3 people who thought they were jesus christ-->convinced david he was the son of Madam Yetti |
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What is the biology behind schizo?
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Excessive dopamine and unusual activity in frontal lobe
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Depression, chemical basis...
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serotonin (which is associated with pleasure)
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Depression, how many have it?
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millions
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Depression, men and women handle problems differently?
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YES, women will worry about it
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Depression, medication used?
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YES but problem is that they are linked with suicide
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Bipolar, how difficult is it to identify?
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VERY
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Famous person who had bipolar?
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Edgar allen poe
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NT associated with bipolar
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serotonin and epinepherine
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2 kinds of running away
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1. Intent: more liekly to stay away, but not always
2. transient: has run away but isnt commited to stay away permanently |
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What are "throwaways"?
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Parents just give up
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What happens the longer the runaway stays away? Why?
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The more difficult it is to come back (highschool)
Loss feeling of cohort` |
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2 best predictors of suicide
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1. depression
2. previous suicide event/attempt |
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Is suicide normally an impulsive act?
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No, PLANNED
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Before what age is suicide maybe an accident?
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13-14
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What does the gender research on suicide say?
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girls attempt more often than boys, but boys are more successful because the use of violent means
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What stage of depression does suicide normally occur during?
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NOT during the deepest part, normally when they're starting to come out
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How is suicide sadomasochistic?
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Its impact on others, and it hurts selves
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The holidays have an _____ risk of suicide
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INCREASED
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_______% of delinquents are girls, ____% are boys
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25 girls
75 boys |
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Boy or girl juvenile more likely to be arrested?
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Boy
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Alot of delinquents suffer from...
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ADD
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The earlier the delinquency occurred, the ______ likely of being able to straighten them out
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LESS
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Adelaide Johnson worked with delinquency and explained two types:
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1. social delinquency: these kids socialized into delinquent behavior
2. non-social delinquency: kids acting out parental frustrations (any S.E.S) |
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Is putting kids in hard time a good idea?
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NO, its a mistake
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Prime reason for 1st time using substance?
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Curiosity
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Is there any way of predicting whether an individual will become addicted or have some tolerance?
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NO
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What is very difficult ot quit?
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Heroine
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Addiction can be either:
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1. psychological = ppl need to it to control mood, etc
2. physiological - if you hvae withdrawal symptoms |
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WIth psyhological addiction, you are ______ to have withdrawal symptoms
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unlikely
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When you start using substances for emotional reasons, personal problems---> _________
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increase dependency
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Solomon and Corbin's A & B processes
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A=rapid
B=slower (opponent) |
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Describe the opponent process
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The theory was supported in a study Solomon conducted along with J.D. Corbit in 1974, in which the researchers analyzed the emotions of skydivers. It was found that beginners have greater levels of fear than more experienced skydivers, but less pleasure upon landing. In the opponent process model, this is the result of a shift over time from fear to pleasure in the fear-pleasure emotion pair.
According to opponent-process theory, drug addiction is the result of an emotional pairing of pleasure and the emotional symptoms associated with withdrawal. Initially, there are high levels of pleasure and low levels of withdrawal. Over time, however, as the levels of pleasure from using the drug decrease, the levels of withdrawal symptoms from not taking the drug increase, thus providing motivation to use the drug despite a lack of pleasure from it. |
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True/False: Opiates are extremely addictive
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TRUE
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Heroin used to be just about sniffing but now...
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it can be taken orally
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With heroin, going cold turkey is...
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extremely painful because when you stop using, body stops producing endorphins
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Morphine, what produced a generation of morphine addcits?
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WWIII
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Methadone is addcitive but...
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reduces the craving for heroine
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Heroin can be diluted with by _____ or _____
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Sugar
Quanine (cant estimate purity of heroin with this) |
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Demerol is a
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pain killer, administered by prescription
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What is oxycotton?
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Pain reliever, very difficult to get off of
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What is considered hillbilly heroin?
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oxycotton
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What are drugs that are stimulants?
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Crack, cocaine
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What do stimulants do?
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Excite the CNS, inhibit reuptake, prevent refractory period from occurring
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What is coke?
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used to be known as frat and sorority drug
crack is a more pure form of coke->smoke |
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BENNYS...
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try to stay awake
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What are barbituates
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Downers, depressants
Psych AND Phys dependent |
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What stage of sleep is the most frequent?
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REM
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Marijuanna
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THC
effects vary substance has been accused of genetic damge |
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Largest unemployment group among teens?
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black males
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Police on edge during which season?
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summer
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Latinos--> Mexican americans... how do ppl from south america feel about this term?
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Dont wanna be seen as mexican americans because they consider themsleves European
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Whats the fastest growing minority group?
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Mexican americans
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In regards to mexican americans, Idea of overriding majority group as Caucasian in urban areas is ________
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disappearing
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There is a high dropout rate among ...
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Latin american students
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When spanish is the only language spoken at home, it makes it difficult at school becauyse
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tradition values at home may conflict iwth class values
ex) challenging a teachers perception, or asking a question not done because at home qu4estions considered disrespect |
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Among latin americans, sex education is considered a....
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NO NO
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What is the common element among Southern ute and Navajo
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lack of academic models
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Souther ute speak _____ at school, navajo speak ______ at school
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english
navajo |
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Navajo is ______ from english
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SO different
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About _____ of Navajo go from kindergarten to graduating high school
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1/5
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Reservation life is very bleak, explain
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Crime and alcoholism is prevalent
Police not strong Violence is a way of life [On the Navajo reservation, this is changing] |
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Hogong=
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octanol shaped building, kitchen was an oil drum leading to the ceiling, kids would come home and take care of siblings
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In navajo, 5th graders read at ____ level
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2nd grade
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What is the unemployment rate on the REZ?
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50-60%
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All inheritance goes through ________
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the mothers side
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Bureau of indian affairs-->purpose of education was:
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To break the back of American Native culture; try to get rid of savage in student
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Among Native american adolescents, suicide rate is ___x national average
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3
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What southern ute wanted to be?
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no different than caucasian till 4th or 5th grade, then they looked forward to going back to the rez after graduation (similar to navajo)
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Native americans intent to assimilate into urban areas is a _______
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failure
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There is probably a genetic deficiency among Native Americans, leading to a ....
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difficulty to metabolize alcohol
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True/False: Navajo nation and southern ute have been trying to gain control of their educational system, how are some the ways this is shown?
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paid extremely well to teachers that taught navajo--> but werent interested in teaching them, teachers would cut class, not show up
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Who has the highest standard of living among minorities?
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Asian americans
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