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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Identify the elements of an education program for children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders.
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1. direct instruction of skills
2. behavior management using functional behavioral assessment and positive behavioral intervention and support 3. instruction in natural settings |
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Why is autism more appropriately thought of in terms of the broader phrase "autistic spectrum disorder?"
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Because autism manifests itself in such a variety of different forms ranging from mild to severe.
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What is the definition of autism?
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One of the five autistic spectrum disorders; characterized by extreme social withdrawal and impairment in communication; other common characteristics are stereotyped movements, resistance to environmental change or change in daily routines, and unusual responses to sensory experiences; usually evident before age 3.
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What causes autism and how can heredity play a role in the disorder?
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Neurological problems - most likely a variety of them (people have a high incidence of brain seizures and cognitive deficits). If a family member has autism, another family member has 50-200 times greater chance to have it.
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How is autism diagnosed and who is qualified to make the diagnosis?
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Usually made by a psychiatrist using criteria established by the APA. There is no universally used diagnostic test. Mostly looking for communication and social skills and stereotypical movement patterns. They will get a detailed history from parents, directly observe behavior, and go through a behavior checklist.
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What are the main differing characteristics between autism and aspergers?
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Asperger Syndrome has most of the same characteristics but is just milder and ultimately communication skills are contributed to their social ineptitude.
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Identify treatment options for children with autism.
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Early intervention, applied behavior analysis, intensive instruction
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What is the focus of early intervention?
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Most effective early intervention programs are intensive, highly structured, and involve families.They often use natural interactions in natural environments, including gen ed classes when possible.
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What are transitional goals for students with autism?
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-live in community residential facility or supported living setting
-work in competitive employment or supported competitive employment |
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What are transitional goals for students with aspergers?
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-improve social interaction in employment
-improve social interaction in postsecondary school settings |
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What are the six elements of the educational focus for children with autism.
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1. functional spontaneous communication
2. age appropriate skills 3. play skills with peers 4. useful & applicable cognitive skills 5. appropriate/acceptable behavior 6. functional/academic skills |
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What is one of five autistic spectrum disorders; pervasive delay in development that does not fit into any of the other diagnostic categories?
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PDD-NOS
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What is a person with severe autism whose social and language skills are markedly delayed but who also has advanced skills in a particular area, such as calculation or drawing?
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autistic savant
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What is the ability to take another's perspective in a social exchange; the ability to infer another person's feelings, intentions, desires, etc.
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theory of mind
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What are alternative forms of communication that do not use the oral sounds of speech or that augment the use of speech?
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augmentative or alternative communication
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What is a highly structured approach that focuses on teaching functional skills and continuous assessment of progress; grounded in behavioral learning theory?
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applied behavior analysis
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What is planning for a person's self-determination; planning activities and services on the basis of a person's dreams, aspirations, interests, preferences, strengths, and capacities; a method of planning for people with disabilities that places the person and his or her family at the center of the planning process; a type of transition model; consumer-driven in that professionals are viewed as working for individuals?
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person centered planning
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What is a place, usually a group home, in an urban or residential neighborhood where about three to ten adults with intellectual disabilities live under supervision?
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community residential facility
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What is an approach to living arrangements for those with disabilities and/or intellectual disabilities that stresses living in natural settings rather than institutions, big or small.
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supported living
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What is a workplace that provides employment that pays at least minimum wage and in which most workers are nondisabled?
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competitive employment
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What is a workplace where adults who are disabled earn at least minimum wage and receive ongoing assistance from a specialist or job coach, the majority of workers in the workplace are nondisabled?
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competitive supported employment
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What strategies could be used by teachers for students with a TBI that could also help non-disabled students?
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provide repetition
demonstrate; oral instructions; examples give opportunities for practice frequent skill checks teach memory strategies adjust for reduced stamina and fatigue minimize distractions focus on self esteem |
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List the elements or focus of an education program for children and adolescents with TBI.
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1. Transition from a hospital or rehab center to school.
2. A team approach 3. An IEP 4. Ed procedures to help students solve problems in focusing and sustaining attention for long periods, remembering previously learned facts, etc. 5. Emphasis on cognitive process through which academic skills are concerned. 6. Plans for addressing long-term needs in addition to immediate ones. |
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Why is TBI considered a silent epidemic?
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Because it is increasingly prevalent but many head injuries go unreported so the cause is undetected.
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How might a student change when they have a TBI?
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A few examples:
overestimate abilities lower social inhibition & judgment lower impulse control lower initiative depression fatigue acting-out impulsivity rigidity flat affect lower motivation agitation and irritability |
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What are the causes of TBI?
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under 5 - accidental falls, vehicular accidents and child abuse; after 5 - car accidents, assaults, gunshot wounds,
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What difficulties might deaf-blind persons experience?
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accessing information
communication navigation |
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Who are Bob and Michelle Smithdas?
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A couple who are both deaf and blind and live alone and function mostly on their own.
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What are the possible areas of deficit that teachers may need to address when a student has a TBI?
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physical ability (walk, talk, eat)
academic ability (lost) social-emotional skills (personality chances) behavioral performance (lose self talk/inhibitions) |
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Who is known as the first deaf-blind American child to gain a significant education in the English language, fifty years before the more famous Helen Keller.
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Laura Bridgman
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Who founded the Perkins school for the blind and brought Laura Bridgman to the school?
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Samuel Gridley Howe
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What is injury to the brain (not including conditions present at birth, birth trauma, or degenerative diseases or conditions) resulting in total or partial disability or psychosocial maladjustment that affects educational performance; may affect cognition, language, memory, attention, reasoning, abstract, thinking, judgment, problem solving, sensory or perceptual and motor disabilities, psychosocial behavior, physical functions, information processing, or speech?
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traumatic brain injury
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Describe low incidence, severe & multiple disabilities.
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Have very low prevalence numbers
Require extensive & continuing support Often include several disabilities occurring at the same time (co-morbidity) |
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What is a brain injury in which there is an open wound in the head, such as a gunshot wound or penetration of the head by an object, resulting in damage to brain tissue?
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open-head injury
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What is damage to the brain that occurs without penetration of the skull; might be caused by a blow to the head or violent shaking by an adult?
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closed-head injury
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What is evaluation that consists of finding out the consequences (what purpose the behavior serves), antecedents (what triggers the behavior), and setting events (contextual factors) that maintain inappropriate behaviors?
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Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA)
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What is positive reinforcement (rewarding) procedures intended to support a student's appropriate or desirable behavior?
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Positive Behavioral Support (PBS)
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What are physical limitations or health problems interfering with school attendance or learning and requiring special services, training, equipment, materials, or facilities?
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physical disabilities
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Why have there been increases in the prevalence of students served by special education due to health problems?
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Possibly due to improvements in the identification of, and medical services to, children with certain conditions.
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Why are students with developmental disabilities more prone to seizures?
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Because seizures reflect abnormal brain activity.
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Why do students with seizure disorder often have learning disabilities?
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Possible result from damage to the brain that causes other disabilities as well, or they might be the side effects of anticonvulsant medication or the result of mismanagement by parents and teachers.
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What are the first aid procedures for epileptic seizures?
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1. remain calm
2. if person is upright, move to floor and loosen clothing 3. try to prevent striking of head against hard objects/surfaces 4. turn face to side for saliva to fall out 5. do not insert anything between the teeth 6. do not be alarmed if breathing stops momentarily 7. allow sleep/rest after 8. don't call doc unless followed immediately by another 9. notify parents/guardian 10. accompany person home |
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What are the two ways cerebral palsy is classified?
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quadriplegia (all four) and paraplegia (only legs)
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What are possible triggers for a seizure?
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extreme stress or fatigue, bright lights, high fever, certain sounds or odors
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What are the classifications of paralysis?
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monoplegia (1)
paraplegia (legs only) hemiplegia (upper & lower - 1 side) triplegia - 3 limbs quadriplegia - 4 limbs |
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What are the goals and curriculum focus for students with physical disabilities and health impairments?
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1. Enhance functional mobility
2. Increase communication 3. Enhance daily living skills 4. Maintain best physical health possible 5.Achieve self determination *All goals should lead to equal opportunity, productivity, and independence. |
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What type of transition needs might exist for students with health impairments or physical disabilities?
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-services & supports (benefits, assistive technology, personal assistance)
- locate housing, transportation, jobs, job training, money management & medical needs - self advocacy |
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Why have attitudes changed regarding the socio-sexuality of students with physical disabilities and health impairments?
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Because it is now recognized that people with disabilities have a right to family life education and we are to make their lives as full and complete as possible.
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What is brain injury affecting ability to control voluntary muscles or posture (limb paralysis)?
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cerebral palsy
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What is a permanent condition; not temporary?
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chronic
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A serious state of illness or injury from which someone often recovers with treatment.
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acute
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A disease or condition that worsens over time and from which one seldom or never recovers with treatment.
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progressive
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Occurring in episodes; a temporary condition that will pass but may recur.
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episodic
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Characterized by muscle stiffness and problems in voluntary movement. Associated with CP.
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spasticity
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Loss of muscle tone; floppiness.
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atonic
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A sudden alteration of consciousness, usually accompanied by motor activity and/or sensory phenomena; caused by an abnormal discharge of electrical energy in the brain.
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seizure
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The insertion of a tube into the urethra to drain the bladder.
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catheterization
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A device designed to restore, partially or completely a lost function of the body (eg a brace or crutch)
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orthosis
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A device designed to replace, partially or completely a part of the body (e.g. artificial teeth or limbs).
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prosthsesis
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IDEA
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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
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IEP
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Individualized Education Program
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FAPE
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Free Appropriate Public Education
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LRE
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Least Restrictive Environment
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LD
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Learning Disability
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ADHD
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Attention Deficity Hyperactivity Disorder
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UDL
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Universal Design for Learning
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RTI
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Response to Intervention
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EBD
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Emotional Behavioral Disability
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ASD
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Autism Spectrum Disorder
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What is the public law for education of disabled children?
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PL 94-142
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IDEA requires this to be drawn up by the educational team for each exceptional child; it must include a statement of present educational performance, instructional goals, educational services to be provided, and criteria and procedures for determining that the instructional objectives are being met.
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IEP
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A sub-discipline of physical education. It is an individualized program created for students with disabilities in order to ensure safe and successful physical education opportunities. ..
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adapted physical education
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What is facilitated communication and why has it been discredited?
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equires that a "facilitator" physically assist the user in typing out messages on a keyboard - called into question because it appears to communicate the facilitator's words, not the words of the person with disabilities.
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What is the difference between an instructional service and a resource service?
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one is to help with learning process; the other is referrals to specialists for other associated issues with the disability
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What do IEP goals represent?
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IEP goals are the specific details in your child's plan that describe what your they should accomplish during the school year.
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