Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
impasse layer
|
individual wonders how they are going to make it in the environment
|
|
|
Rogers ideas referred to as self theory
|
-for a healthy self to emerge, need postitive self regard
-in childhood a person receives conditional regard from parents and others. feeling of worth only if they behave in certain way -gap forms between ideals self and actual self. Further the gap, more maladjusted |
|
|
Perls
|
focused on helping individuals become more aware of many aspects of their personhood
|
|
|
existentialists
|
have some beliefs in common:
the importance of anxiety, values, freedom and reasponsibility in human life. But they differ in their emphases. |
|
|
Rollo May
|
-believed that anxiety could work for the good as well as the bad for people
-cofounder of the association for humanistic psychology |
|
|
existentialists believe
|
-people form their lives by choices they make
-focus on freedom of choice and action that goes along with it -people are responsible for any choice they make |
|
|
Gestalt Therapy
|
-stresses perception of completeness and wholeness
-Gestalt means whole figure -emphasis how people function in totality -popularized by Fritz Perls |
|
|
Vistor Frankl
(existentialist) |
-used the term logotherapy: logo implies search for meaning
|
|
|
phobic layer
|
avoid recognizing aspects of self that a person would prefer to deny
|
|
|
Frankl
noogenic neurosis |
feeling one has nothing to live for
|
|
|
Frankl
existential vacuum |
a sense that life has lost all meaning
|
|
|
existentialism focuses on
|
the meaning of anxiety in human life
|
|
|
counselor roles
|
-aware of the clients verbal & nonverbal language, and reflects back on what he is hearing & observing
-work as a facilitaor rather than a director -limited use of psychologial tests, if so usually Q-sort test |
|
|
Frankl-meaning goes beyond self actualization and exists at 3 levels
|
1. ultimate meaning
2. meaning of the moment 3. common, day to day meaning |
|
|
techniques of existential counseling
|
-few techniques available
-to have a relationship with the client -make use of confrontation -accept the truth unique to each individual |
|
|
Rogers
|
most identified with person centered counseling
|
|
|
Role of existential counselors
|
-no uniform rules
-not unusual for counselor to share personal experiences to deepen the relationship -emphasis on mutuality, wholeness & growth -engage their clients in dialogue -do not use psychological tests |
|
|
phony layer
|
pretending to be something one is not
|
|
|
person centered counseling
|
-most widely used affective approach
-followed by Gestalt and existential counseling |
|
|
counselor must
(in gestaly view) |
1.promote client's exploration
2.be intensely & personally involved with client 3.be honest |
|
|
goals of existential counseling
|
-help client realize the importance of meaning, responsibility, awareness, freedom and potential
-take more responsibility for their lives -activities will be evaluated by client first |
|
|
person centered counseling nature
|
-people are essentially good
-move toward self actualization from infancy on |
|
|
Perls meaning of the word now
|
now = experience = awareness = reality
|
|
|
Affective theorists
|
focus on making an impact on clients emotions to bring about change
|
|
|
gestalt view
|
1.the now is what really matters
2.focus:awareness (healthy individuals are those who are most aware) |
|
|
Perls
|
focused on helping individuals become more aware of many aspects of their personhood
|
|
|
goals of gestalt therapy
|
-emphasis on here & now
-recognize the immediacy of experience -help client resolve past to be more integrated |
|
|
gestalt view is antideterministic:
|
each person is able to change and become responsible
|
|
|
experiments
|
-not planned
-what is learned is a surprise to counselor & client |
|
|
good stuff about existential approach
|
-uniqueness of the individual
-anxiety in not always negative -stresses continued human growth and dev -effective in mulitcultural counseling -connect individuals to universal problems -may be combined with other perspectives and methods |
|
|
limitations of existential counseling
|
-has not produced a fully dev. model of counseling
-lacks educational and training programs -difficult to implement beyond individual level -closer to existential philosophy than to counseling |
|
|
techniques of gestalt-2 forms
|
1.exercises
2.experiments |
|
|
examples of exercises
|
1. dream work-counselor doesn't interpret, client directed to exprience what it is like to be each part of the dream, dramatized free association
2. empty chair-clients talk to various parts of their personality 3. confrontation-counselor points out incongruent behaviors and feelings 4. making the rounds 5.i take responsibility-client closes each stmt with "and I take responsibility" 6. exaggeration-accentuate unwitting movt or gestures 7. may I feed you a sentence |
|
|
5 layers of neurosis that may interfere with being in touch with one self
|
1. phony
2. phobic 3. impasse 4. implosive 5. explosive |
|
|
implosive & explosive
(often grouped together) |
-feel vulnerable to feelings
-become alive in exploration of joy, sorrow & pain that leads to being authentic -the "now" can be experienced fully |
|
|
exercises
|
-ready made, such as enactedment of fantasies, role playing & psychodrama
-evoke certain response ie.anger |
|
|
goal of person centered counseling
|
client as a person, rather than his or her problem
|
|
|
limitations of gestalt therapy
|
-lacks a strong theoretical base
-deals strictly with the now and how of the experience -doesn't allow for passive insight & change -eschews diagnosis & testing -too concerned with individual dev. criticized for its self centerednesd |
|
|
Perls viewed humans as
|
complete entities(holistic) rather than individuals made up of seperate parts
|
|
|
strenths of gestalt therapy
|
-emphasizes helping people incorporate and accept all aspects of life
-resolving areas of unfinished business -doing rather than talking -flexible & not limited to a few techniques |
|
|
Rogers-phenomenological perspective
|
what is imprtant in the person's perception of reality rather than an event itself
|
|
|
Rogers-self actualization
|
most prevelent and motivating drive of existence and encompasses actions that influence the total person
|
|
|
3 periods of evolution in techniques
|
1. nondirective period(40's & 50's):form relationship by creating a permissive, noninterventetive atmosphere. Main techniques acceptance & clarification
2.Reflective Period (1950-1957):creating nonthreatening relationships, reflect underlying affect back to the client 3.Experiential Period (1957-1980):positive regard(acceptance), congruence (genuineness) & empathy |
|
|
Good stuff in person centered counseling
|
-generated lots of research
-effective -open relationship -key-master listening skills -positive view of human nature |
|
|
person centered counseling
|
minimun emphasis on formal techniques and a maximum focus on the therapeutic relationship
|
|
|
ultimate goal of person centered counseling
|
client is helped to identify, use and integrate his or her own resources and potential
|
|
|
Godd stuff in person centered counseling
|
-generated lots of research
-effective -open relationship -key-master listening skills -positive view of human nature |
|
|
limitations of person centered counseling
|
-few instructions for counselors
-depends on bright, insightful, hard working clients for best results -ignores diagnosis, the unconscious and sexual and agressive drives -deals only with surface issues |
