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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many votes did CON win in 1955? |
CON 49% LAB 46% |
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What majority did the CON have in 1955? |
58 seats |
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Why did the CON win the 1955 election? |
1) The Conservative party was united and popular 2) Economy improved and there was a feel good factor 3) Division in the LAB party 4) Unemployment stood at 1% 5) Eden proved popular and effective at campaigning on TV |
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How did the CON being united help them win the election? |
- Eden was a popular replacement for Churchill - electoral appeal on the undecided middle class |
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How did the economy and society help the CON win the election? |
- The economy improved, trade had recovered, new industries were thriving and unemployment was low - 1955 Budget give-away - England won the Ashes in 1953 - Everest |
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Why was LAB divided? |
- Split with the left wing after Bevan resigned - The 50 left wing MPs took control of the NEC and refused the party whip - Right wing wanted to review Clause 4 - TUC opposed the abolition of Clause 4 - nuclear disarmament |
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What changes did Eden make to his Cabinet? |
1) Mainly kept Churchill's Cabinet 2) Macmillan became Foreign Sec 3) Selwyn Llyod became Defence Sec 4) Butler remained as Chancellor |
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What became apparent about the economy by 1955? |
It was overheating |
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How did Eden react to the economy overheating? |
1) Undid the tax cuts 2) Butler introduced hire purchase restrictions 3) Increased purchase tax 4) Decreased housing subsides |
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Who replaced Butler in 1955? |
Macmillan |
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How did Macmillan deal with the economy? |
1) Introduced income tax relief but increased profits tax and tobacco duty 2) Premium bonds were introduced in 1956 to take money out of circulation and reduce demand |
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Why did Eden's Gov't fail to control the economy? |
1) Wage bids increased 2) Imports were excessive 3) Spending was high and speculation increased but not saving |
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Why was Eden's cabinet reshuffle in 1955 critisised? |
1) Macmillan was Chancellor- many saw Macmillan as a too strong a character for Eden to control as Foreign Sec. 2) Butler was demoted to LordPrivy Sealand Leader of the House of Commons 3) Monkton was made Minister of Defence unwillingly |
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Why was Eden critisised for all reshuffles? |
- Seen as indecisive - The Telegraph crticised him - Eden responded with “cantankerousnews papers” |
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What happened to Eden's popularity? |
- 70% were in favour of Eden in 1955 - 40% supported Eden in 1956 - decline in Tory support in Torquay and Tonbridge which were normally safe seats |
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Why was Eden criticised in the HoC? |
- Took no stance on any issue - After the hanging of Ruth Ellis in 1955, Eden gave no opinion on the death penalty - Eden took no lead on whether to limit immigration or allow free entry |
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When was Macmillan introduced as Chancellor? |
1955 |
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What did Macmillan's first budget include? |
Introduced a budget that gave on one hand but took away with another eg. income tax relief and increased profits tax and tobacco duty |
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How did Macmillan reduce inflation? |
In 1956 Macmillan took money out of circulation and reduced demand by introducing Premium bonds |
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What were the consequences of full employment? |
- Wage bids increased - imports were excessive - more dollars were spent than earned - consumer spending rose but not saving -public expenditure remained high |
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Why was the Suez Canal important for trade? |
It was the main route connecting the Mediterranean through to the Indian Ocean, Australia, New Zealand |
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What percentage of oil passed through the Canal? |
80% of Western Europe's oil imports |
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What was announced in 1956? |
President of Egypt, Colonel Nasser, announced that the Suez Canal would be nationalised |
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What did Eden describe Nasser as? |
'An evil dictator who could not be allowed to get away with unprovoked aggression' |
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What did Eden plan to do about the Suez Canal? |
1) Agreed to have talks with Israel and France 2) All records of the meetings were burned 3) Planned to allow Israel to invade Egypt, giving France and Britain a chance to intervene |
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Was the Suez Canal invasion a success? |
1) Military success- took control of the Suez Canal 2) Anti-war protests and public opposition form Labour MPs 3) America also opposed the invasion as did the UN |
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What was the result of the Suez Canal? |
1) America cut off financial ties with Britain 2) Britain was condemned by the UN 3) Britain was close to economic collapse 4) Threatened by Russia 5) Eden withdrew from Suez |
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What were the consequences Eden faced after the Suez Canal crisis? |
1) Health deteriorated 2) Reputation was damaged 3) Resigned |
