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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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efficacy
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a person's sense of being able to deal with a particular task
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self-regulated learning
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a view of learning as skills and will applied to analyzing learning tasks, setting goals and planning how to do the task, applying skills, and especially making adjustments about how learning is carried out
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classical conditioning
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association of automatic responses with new stimuli
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antecedent
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events that precede an action
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response
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observable reaction to a stimulus
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satiation
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requiring a person to repeat a problem behavior past the point of interest or motivation
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schemas
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basic structures for organizing information; concepts
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operant conditioning
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learning in which voluntary behavior is strengthened or weakened by consequences or antecedents
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reinforcement
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use of consequences to strengthen behavior
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punishment
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process that weakens or suppresses behavior
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cueing and shaping
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cueing: providing a stimulus that sets up a desired behavior
shaping: reinforcing each small step of progress toward a desired goal or behavior |
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automaticity
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the ability to perform thoroughly learned tasks without much effort
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Gestalt
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"pattern" or "whole." Gestalt theorists hold that people organize their perceptions into coherent wholes
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inductive reasoning
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formulating general principles based on knowledge of examples and details
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social learning theory
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expands behavioral views of reinforcement and punishment. watching another person be reinforced or punhished can have similar effects on the observer's behavior
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declarative knowledge
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verbal information, facts, "knowing that" something is the case
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procedural knowledge
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knowledge that is demonstrated when we perform a task, "knowing how"
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conditional knowledge
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"knowing when and why" to use declarative and procedural knowledge
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metacognition
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knowledge about our own thinking processes
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cognitive behavior modification
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procedures based on both behavioral and cognitive learning principles for changing your own behavior by using self-talk and self-instruction
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constructivism
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view that emphasizes the active role of the learning in building understanding and making sense of information
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modeling
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changes in behavior, thinking, or emotions that happen through obserfving another person (a model)
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social negotiation
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aspect of learning process that relies on collaboration with others and respect for different perspectives
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interference
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the process that occurs when remembering certain information is hampered by the presence of other information
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ripple effect
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"contagious" spreading of behaviors through imitation
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