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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Face Validity
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It looks right.
example: News agency to pop. |
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Content Validity
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What was suppose to be measured.
example: I didn't know that was on the test! |
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Criterion Validity
(concurrent/predictive) |
Truly measure abilities
*concurrent-at point in time *predictive-abilities down the road |
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Construct Validity
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Linking behavioral actions with empirical data
example: aggression test |
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What is the difference between null hypothesis and Research Hypothesis?
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*Research-What you expect to happen
*Null- There is no difference/random chance/error |
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Difference between positive and inverse correlation coefficients?
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Positive- Going the same direction
Inverse-Opposite Direction .7-.8 pretty good number. |
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What does when a statistic is p>.05?
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95% chance it didn't happen randomly.
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Whats the difference between type 1 and type 2 errors?
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Type 1- reject when its true
Type 2- Accept but false |
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Describe the relationship between validity and reliability?
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Validity is more important than reliability.
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How many means can you compare in an ANOVA Test?
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3 or more means.
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Name the (4) ways to establish reliability. Describe them.
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Test-Retest, Parallel Forms (test A vs. Test B), Interrater/interobserver (different scores), Internal Consistency.
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Hawthorne Effect
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Do their best because they know in test group. (External Validity)
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John Henry Effect
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Control Group will show them! (External Validity)
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Nonrepresentative (threat to validity)
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sample not representative to population
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Lack of Internal Validity
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There isn't consistency in responses.
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Demand Characteristics
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Respondents gives answers you want.
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Reactivity
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Respondents realizing something changed
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Artificiality
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Not real world conditions
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Multiple Treatment Interference
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Other factors that could change dependent variable.
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What is the degrees of freedom for chi square? for t-test?
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Chi-square= (N-1)
t-test= (N-2) |
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Historical Effect
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Natural events occurred. (Internal Validity)
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Maturation Effect
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Aging Development (Internal Validity)
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Testing Effect
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Knowing whats on test (Internal Validity)
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Teacher Effect
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How administered exam (Internal Validity)
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Instrumentation Effect
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Given under different conditions (Internal Validity)
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Ceiling Effect
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People doing too well (Internal Validity)
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Floor Effect
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People doing too poorly (Internal Validity)
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Selection Bias
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Unequal representation to begin with (Internal Validity)
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Statistical Regression
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High score first time, not likely second time (Internal Validity)
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Mortality
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People Drop rapidly (Internal Validity)
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Random Sampling Method
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*Each member in population has equal chance
*Education-Almost impossible due to educational circumstance |
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Systematic Sampling Method
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Every nth Member will be chosen to participate.
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Stratified Sampling Method
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Create subgroups that try to represent sub groups of population
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Cluster Sampling Method
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Random sampling of groups that already exist
Example: A class, sororities. etc. |
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Purposive Sampling Method
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Used to select certain segments of population (like students with disabilities)
*typical case-typical 4th grader in a large urban district |
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Snowball Sampling Method
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Initial contacts to which they refer you to others.
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Convenience Sampling Method
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Uses groups that happen to be available. .
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Sampling Bias
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*Convenience
*Cannot Sample Entire Population *Volunteerism |
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Whats the difference between Main and Interaction Effects?
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Main- Difference in each variable
Interaction- Difference between variables |
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Name the three standard deviations and their percentage.
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68% = 1 standard deviation
95% = 2 standard deviations 99% = 3 standard deviations |
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Explain Correlation.
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Shows only relationship.
Does not indicate causation. |
