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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three stages of a gradual metamorphosis?
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1.Eggs
2.Nymphs 3.Adults |
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What are the four stages of a complete metamorphosis?
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1.Eggs
2.Larva 3.Pupa 4.Adult |
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What two diseases are houseflies thought to be a vector for?
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1.Bacterial dysentary
2.trachoma |
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About how many days are required for a housefly egg to mature into a reproductive adult?
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~10 days
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Do lice show a gradual or complete metamorphosis?
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Complete
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Describe the appearance of lice.
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They are flat and resemble walking birthmarks.
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Head lice and body lice are similar in that they both suck blood. What feature separates them?
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They do not interbreed.
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Where does each species of lice lay its eggs?
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*Head lice: hair shafts
*Body lice: seams of clothing |
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How are lice treated? Are they able to survive off of the human body?
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*insecticide lotions and creams
*adults can survive 10 days off of the host, nits much longer |
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Name three diseases that lice serve as a vector for.
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1.epidemic typhus (rickettsia prowazecki)
2.trench fever (rickettsia quintana) 3.Relapsing fever (borrelia recurrentis) |
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Describe the metamorphosis of fleas.
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Complete with 3 larval instars and pupa stages.
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How many legs does a flea have? Describe their special adaptations.
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*6 legs
*hind pair have resilin which endow jumping ability *also legs have hooks to grab onto hair or fur |
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T/F:
An unfed flea can survive for only three months. |
False: an unfed flea can survive three years in high humidity.
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Where does the sand flea or chigger commonly bite?
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Penetrates the skin at the nail base or between the toes; painful and irritating.
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Name two diseases fro which the flea is a vector.
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1.Yersinia pestsis
2.Endemic typhus (rickettsia typhii/mooseri) |
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One bacillus carried by the flea causes a special adaptation that faciltates its spread. What is the bacillus and what is this adaptation?
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*yersinia pestis
*proventricular blockage causes regurgitation of the bacillus |
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Describe the metamorphosis of the chelicerata.
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Gradual: larva (6 legs), nymph, adult (8 legs).
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Describe the appearance of argasids. What are their feeding habits?
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*soft ticks, head not visible
*nocturnal feeders, stay on host for only a few minutes |
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Describe the appearance of ixodidae.
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*hard ticks, head visible, dorsum scutum (shield)
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Describe the life cycle of ixodidae.
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*female drops off host and lays eggs
*larvae find host, feed for several days and drop off *larvae molt on ground into nymphs, which find a host, feed 4-8 days, and drop off *molts into adult, which finds a host, mates, feeds for several days and drops off |
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What special adaptations do ixodidae have to allow them to find a host?
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1.able to sense ground vibrations
2.Haller's organs on front legs respond to odors, temperature, and carbon dioxide |
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How do ticks find a place to bite on the host?
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*Haller's organs
*chelicerae sense ATP |
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What two organs does the tick use to attach to a host?
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*checlicerae: pierce skin
*hypostome: anchor |
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How much weight does a tick gain during engorgement?
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200x
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How do male ticks attract a mate?
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Secretion of a blend of phenols.
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What are three methods of control of ticks and tick-borne illness?
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1.dipping
2.vaccine 3.repellant |
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How many ticks are necessary to cause tick paralysis? What is the latent period before symptoms appear?
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*a single female tick
*5-7 days |
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Ticks are known to be vectors for at least 8 diseases. Name 5 of them.
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1.RMSF
2.Ehrlichiosis 3.Lyme disease 4.Babesiosis 5.East coast fever 6.Endemic relapsing fever 7.Coxiella burnetti (Q fever) 8.Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever |
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what is the life cycle of the mite?
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1.Eggs
2.Larva 3.Nymph (2-3 stages) 4.Adult |
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How do larger mites breathe? How do smaller mites breathe?
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*larger: through stigmata
*smaller: cutaneously |
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How big is an adult sarcoptes scabei? With what two conditions is it associated?
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*250um
*Scabies in humans and mange in animals |
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Why do dust mites prefer a humid environment?
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They are able to extract water from the air.
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How are dust mites commonly raised in the lab?
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On beard clippings from an electric razor.
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What two diseases are mites vectors for?
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1.Scrub typhus
2.Rickettsial pox |
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What is the target of pyrethrins and DDT?
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Block voltage-gated sodium channel to slow nerve conduction.
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How do organophosphates and carbamates work?
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Target ACh-esterase; bind serine to prevent recyling of ACh in the synapse.
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Name two ways ectoparasites have developed resistance to insecticides.
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1.Point mutations in target
2.Detoxifying enzymes |
