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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Numeric
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Numeric describes data that consists of numbers
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String
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String describes data that is nonumeric
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integer
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An integer is a whole number
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floating-point
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A floating-point number is a number with a decimal places.
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Real number
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Real numbers are floating-point numbers
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numeric constant
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A numeric constant (or literal numeric constant) is a specific numeric value
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String Constant
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A String constant (or literal constant is a specific group of characters enclosed within quotation marks
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Alphanumeric values
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Alphanumeric values can contain alphabetic characters, numbers, and punctuation
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unnamed constant
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An unnamed constant is a literal numeric or string value
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declaration
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A declaration is a statement that provides a data type and an identifier for a variable
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identifier
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An identifier is a program component's name
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data type
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A data item's data type is a classification that describes what values can be assigned, how the item is stored and what types of operations can be performed with the item
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Initializing variable
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Initializing variable is the act of assigning its first value, often at the same time the variable is created
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Garbage
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Garbage describes the unknown value stored in the unassigned variable
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keywords
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Keywords comprise the limited word set that is reserved in a language
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Camel Casing
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Camel casing is a variable-naming convention in which the initial letter is lowercase, multiple-words variable names are run together, and each new word withing the variable name begins with an uppercase letter
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Pascal casing
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Pascal Casing is a variable-naming convention in which the initial letter is uppercase, multiple-word variable names are run together, and each new word within the variable name begins with an uppercase letter
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Hungarian Notation
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is a variable-naming convention in which a variable's data type or other information is stored as part of its name
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Assignment Statement
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An assignment statement assigns a variable-naming convention in which a variable's data type or other information is stored as part of its name
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Assignment Statement
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An assignment statement assigns a value from the right of an assignment operator to the variable or constant on the left of the assignment operator
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Assignment Operator
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The assignment operator is the equal sign =
It is used to assign a value to the variable or constant on the left |
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Binary operator
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A binary operator is an operator that requires two operands - one on each side
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Right Associativity
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Right Associativity and right-to-left associativity describe operators that evaluate the expression to the right first
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An Ivalue
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is the memory address identifier to the left of an assignment operator
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numeric value
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A numeric variable is one that can hold digits, have mathematical operations performed on it, an usually can hold a decimal point and sign indicating a positive or negative
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string variable
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A string variable can hold text that includes letters, digits ,and special characters such as punctuation marks
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Type-safety
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Type-Safety is the feature of programming language that prevents assigning values an incorrect data type
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named constant
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A named constant is similar to a variable except that its value cannot change after the first assignment
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magic number
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A magic number is an unnamed constant whose purpose is not immediately apparent
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Overhead
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Overhead describes the extra resources a task requires
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Rules of precedence
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Rules of precedence dictate the order in which operations in the same statement are carried out
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order of operations
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The order of operations describes the rules of precendence
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Left-to-right associativity
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Left-to-right Associativity describes operators that evaluate the expression to the left first
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modules
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Modules are small program units that you can use together to make a program.
Programmers also refer to modules as subroutines, procedures, functions, methods |
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call a module
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To call a module is to use the modules name to invoke it, causing it to execute
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Modularization
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Modularization is the process if breaking down a program into modules
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Functional decomposition
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Functional decomposition is the act of reducing a large program into more manageable modules
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Abstraction
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Abstraction is the process of paying attention to important properties while ignoring nonessential details
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Reusability
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Resusability is te feature of a modular program that allows individual modules to be used in a variety of applications
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Reliability
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Reliability is the feature of a modular program that assures you a module has been tested and proven to function correctly
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Main Program
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A main program runs from start to stop and calls other modules
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Mainline Logic
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The mainline logic is the logic that appears in a program's main module; it calls other modules
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modular header
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The modular header includes the module identifier and possibly other necessary identifying information
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module body
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The module body contains all the statements in a module
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Module Return Statement
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The module return statement marks the end of the module and identifies the point at which control returns to the program or module that called the module
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Encapsulation
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Encapsulation is the act of containing a task's instructions in a module
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Stack
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A stack is a memory location in which the computer keeps track of the correct memory address to which it should return after executing a module
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Functional Cohesion
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The functional Cohesion of a module is a measure of the degree to which all the module statements contribute the same task
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Visible
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Visible descries the state of data items when a module can recognize them
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In Scope
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In scope describes the state of data that is visible
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Local
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describes variables that are declared within the module that uses them
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Portable
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A portable module is one that can be more easily be reused in multiple programs
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Global
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Global describes variables that are known to the entire program
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Program Level
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Global variables are declared at the program level
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Housekeeping Tasks
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Housekeeping Tasks include steps that are repeated for each set of input data
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End-of-job tasks
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End-of-job tasks hold the steps you take at the end of the program to finish the application
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Hierarchy Chart
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A hierarchy chart is a diagram that illustrates modules' relationships to each other
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Program Comments
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Program comments are written explanations that are not part of the program logic but that serve as documentation for those reading the program
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Internal Documentation
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Is a documentation within a coded program
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External documentation
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is documentation that is outside the coded program
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Annotation Symbol
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An Annotation Symbol contains information that expands on what appears in another flowchart symbol; it is most represented by a three-sided box that is connected to the step it references by a dashed iine
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Self-documenting
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Self-documenting programs are those that contain meaningful data and module names tat describe the programs purpose
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Data Dictionary
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A data dictionary is list of every variable name used within a program, along with its type, size, and description
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Temporary variable
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A temporary variable (or a work variable) is working variable that you use to hold intermediate results during a programs execution.
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Prompt
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A prompt is a message that is displayed on a monitor to ask the user for a response and perhaps explain how that response should be formatted
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Echoing Input
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Echoing input is the act of repeating input back to a user wither in subsequent prompt or in output
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1. What does a declaration provide for a variable?
a. A name b. A Data Type c. Both of the above d. None of the above |
c. Both of the above
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2. A variable’s data type describes all of the following except ______________?
a. What values the variable can hold b. How the variable is stored in memory c. What operations can be performed with the variable d. The scope of the variable - not it |
a. What values the variable can hold
b. How the variable is stored in memory c. What operations can be performed with the variable |
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3. The value stored in an uninitialized variable is
a. Garbage b. Null c. Compost d. Identifier |
a. Garbage
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4. The value 3 is a ________
a. Numeric variable b. Numeric constant c. String variable d. String constant |
b. Numeric constant
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5. The assignment operator _____
a. Is a binary operator b. Has left-to-right associativity c. Is most often represent by a colon d. Two of the above |
a. Is a binary operator
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6. Which of the following is true about arithmetic precedence
a. Multiplication has a higher precedence than division b. Operators with the lowest precedence always have left-to-right c. Division has higher precedence that subtractions d. All of the above |
c. Division has higher precedence that subtractions
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7. Which of the following is a term used as a synonym for a module in some programming method
a. Method b. Procedure c. Both of these d. None of these |
c. Both of these
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8. Which of the following is a reason to use modularization
a. Modularization avoids abstraction b. Modularization reduces overhead c. Modularization allows you to more easily reuse your work d. Modularization eliminates the need for syntax |
c. Modularization allows you to more easily reuse your work
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9. What is the name for the process of paying attention to important properties while ignoring nonessential details
a. Abstraction b. Extraction c. Extinction d. Modularization |
a. Abstraction
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10. Every module has all of the following except _________.
a. A header b. Local variables c. A body d. A return statement |
b. Local variables
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11. Programmers say that one module can ___________ another, meaning that the first module causes the second module to execute
a. Declare b. Define c. Enact d. Call |
d. Call
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12. The more that module’s statement contribute to the same job, the greater the _____ of the module
a. Structure b. Modularity c. Functional cohesion d. Size |
c. Functional cohesion
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13. In most modern programming languages, a variable or constant that is declared in a module is ______ in that module
a. Global b. Invisible c. In scope d. Undefined |
c. In scope
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14. Which of the following is not a typical housekeeping task?
a. Displaying instructions b. Printing summaries c. Opening files d. Displaying report headings |
b. Printing summaries
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15. Which model in a typical program will execute the most times?
a. The housekeeping module b. The detail loop c. The end-of-job module d. It is different in every program |
b. The detail loop
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16. A hierarchy chart tells you ______
a. What tasks are to be performed within each program module b. When a module executes c. Which routines call which other routines d. All of the above |
c. Which routines call which other routines
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17. What are nonexecuting statements that programmers place within code to explain program statements in English?
a. Comments b. Pseudocode c. Trivia d. User documentation |
a. Comments
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18. Program comments are _______
a. Required to create a runnable program b. A form of external documentation c. Both of the above d. None of the above |
d. None of the above
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19. Which of the following is valid advice for naming variables
a. To save typing, make most variable names with one or two letters b. To avoid conflict with names that others are using, use unusual or unpronounceable names c. To make names easier to read, separate long names by using underscores or capitalization for each new word d. To maintain your independence, shun the convention of your organization |
c. To make names easier to read, separate long names by using underscores or capitalization for each new word
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20. A message that asks for a user for input is a _______
a. Comment b. Prompt c. Echo d. declaration |
b. Prompt
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