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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Energy
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The ability to do work both physically and mentally.
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- Food for Humans
- Sunlight gives plants the energy needed to grow. |
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Chemical energy
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The energy needed to bond two atoms.
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- striking a match
- given off in chemical reactions. |
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Free energy
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Energy that may be used freely
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- cells are constantly moving, using ______.
-sometimes called Gibbs free energy. |
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Heat energy
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A form of energy transferred by a difference in temperature.
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- The sun
- Oven to pan full of water |
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First law of thermodynamics
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Organisms cannot create their own energy. They must obtain it from an outside source.
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- a plant using the sun's energy
- Photosynthesis |
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Second law of thermodynamics
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Systems tend to change in a way that increases the disorder, or entropy, of the system plus it's surroundings
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- electricity to heat
- law states that you can change one energy to another |
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Entropy
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The tendency toward disorder
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- ice cube to a puddle of water
-carbonation |
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Enzymes
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Proteins that lower activation energy
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- Catalyst
- Lactase |
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Catalysts |
increasing rate of chemical reactions |
- Enzymes - speed up reactions |
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Active site
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Where the shape of the tertiary structure matters.
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- tertiary structure
- Substrates and active sites go together. |
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Substrate
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Fits the shape of the active site
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- Enzyme
-Fits together with the active site to make the structure work. |
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Metabolism
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The sum of all chemical changes in a cell.
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- Chemical changes to digest food
- Turning food into energy |
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Synthesis
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The production of an organic compound
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- sequence of amino acids
- Contains two separate elements |
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Decompositions
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The state of being reduced into original elements
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- Being broken down
- Water can be reduced into three different elements |
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Biosynthesis
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A multi step process in which substrates are converted into a more complex product.
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- Production of lipids
-Photosynthesis |
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Oxidation
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The loss of electrons due to the chemical reaction
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- Loss of electrons
- becoming positive |
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ATP
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A compound that is used by cells to store energy
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- A type of energy used in cells
ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. |
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ADP |
adenosine diphosphate used in energy storage |
- Nucleotide - Produced during Photosynthesis |
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Nutrients |
substance that provides nourishment for growth and development |
- Eaten in every day diet - Carbs, Proteins, Fats |
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Heterotrophs
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Carbon compounds in an organism from other organisms
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- All animals
- when an organism eats another organism to gain energy |
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Autotrophs
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Organisms that make their own food with abiotic materials.
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- Plants
- Can make own food |
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Photoautotrophs
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An organism that gets its energy from light and forms organic molecules with other carbon sources.
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- Ex bacteria
- Organisms that use light for energy |
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Photosynthesis |
Green plants use sunlight to create their own food |
- Making of food - sunlight is used by green plants |
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Chemoautotrophs
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An organism that gets its energy from inorganic compounds.
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- Hydrogen sulfide
- inorganic energy sources |
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Chemosynthesis |
Use energy from reactions instead of sunlight |
- Conversion of 1 or more carbons - Methane |
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Cell respiration
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Cells that intake carbohydrates and turn them into energy using chemical reactions.
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- How ATP is made
- creating energy |
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Producers
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Organisms that produce their own food.
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- Plants
- Photosynthesis to produce sugar |
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Consumers
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Organisms that eat other organisms or their own waste
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- Humans
- Buying or eating of other organism |
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Decomposers
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An organism that lives off of decaying material
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- Ex insects
- Fruit flies |
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Food Web |
diagram showing the food chain in different eco systems |
- eating of other organisms |
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Biotic
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Relating to a living component of an ecosystem
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- A dead tree
- living organisms |
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Abiotic
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A physical/non living component of an ecosystem
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- Ex water
- Ex light/sunlight |
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Ecosystem
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A biological community and it's abiotic environment
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- large community of species
- Involves food chain |
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Habitats
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A place where an organism lives
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- Place where animal lives and hunts
- Humans live in homes as their habitats |
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Biosphere
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Smaller ecosystems on earth where life is found
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- Lake
- area where organisms live |
